<p>Flakstadøya is an island in the Lofoten archipelago in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in Flakstad municipality with the Vestfjorden on the east side of the island and the Norwegian Sea on the west side of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is connected to the neighboring island of Moskenesøya (to the south and west) by the Kåkern Bridge and Fredvang Bridges. It is connected to the island of Vestvågøya (to the northeast) through the undersea Nappstraum Tunnel. The European route E10 highway crosses the island and connecting to the neighboring islands.</p><br>
<p>There are several villages on the island including the administrative centre of the municipality, Ramberg, and others such as Fredvang, Nusfjord, Sund, Vikten, and Napp.</p><br>
<p>Cheviot Beach is a beach near Point Nepean in Victoria, Australia. It was named after the SS Cheviot, which broke up and sank nearby with the loss of 35 lives on 20 October 1887.</p><br>
<p>It is most famous as the site of the disappearance of Prime Minister Harold Holt; on 17 December 1967, Holt went swimming at the beach, disappeared, and was presumed drowned. He was last seen in the ocean and was then dragged under a wave, never to be seen again. His body was never recovered. Point Nepean had long been a restricted area, initially for quarantine and then later for defence purposes; at the time, it was used by the officer training school of the Australian Army, and Holt had reportedly been issued a special pass to use the beach.</p><br>
<p>A lookout and memorial to Holt overlook the beach on Cheviot Hill, accessible via a self-guided walk from Point Nepean; however, there remains no beach access, with swimming prohibited for safety reasons. Surf Life Saving Australia rates it as "extremely hazardous" for swimming, noting "at high tide the rocks and reefs lie immediately off the beaches and, as the tide drops, strong permanent rips intensify off the rocks and amongst the reefs."</p><br>
<p>Hacksjön is a small lake located east of the former airport at Tullinge, in the municipality Botkyrka in southern Stockholm, Sweden. It forms the westernmost lake of one of the branches of the Tyresån lake system and is located within the Lida-Riksten Open-air Area.</p><br>
<p>With its isolated location surrounded by moorlands and forests, the lake remains relatively unaffected by human activities, which is mostly limited to precipitation and incoming nutrients from local soil. The lake is used for wireless radio-controlled boats in summers and for ice racing in winters, which have reduced the previously prominent bird life by the lake. Notwithstanding, it is classified as of considerable importance for nature conservation.</p><br>
<h2>Catchment area</h2><br>
<p>The lake is located in a marshy moorland surrounded by forests. West of it is a former military airport today used for motocross and a shooting range.</p><br>
<p>In a 2002 key plan, the land surrounding the lake, owned by the city of Stockholm, is intended to be transformed into one of three nature reserve within the Lida-Riksten Open-air Area forming one of the important green wedges of Stockholm. Encompassing 240 hectares, it is marked as "conservation of rural area" and "larger area valuable for open-air life". Additionally, the area is considered as of significant archaeological interest since it 8.000 years ago, during the Stone Age, was an archipelago composed of sparsely scattered islands and thus contains many traces of the earliest settlements in Stockholm. The area between the lake and the golf course south of it is considered as of great importance for social history since the homestead there is believed to be about 1.500 years old.</p><br>
<h3>Environmental influence</h3><br>
<p>The shallow lake is moderately rich in nutrients and virtually unaffected by pollution. Additionally, it is rich in humus which gives the water its dark brown colour. With a pH of 7,3, the lake is unlikely to acidified.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Aquatic plants thriving in the shallow lake include bladderwort, common club-rush, and water lilies. The quagmire bordering the lake, dominated by peat moss and reed, also include sedges, marsh willowherb, common marsh bedstraw, mare&#39;s tail, gypsywort, bog-myrtle, white water-lily, milk parsley, broad-leaved pondweed, marsh cinquefoil, grey sallow, common club-rush, bur-reed, narrow leaf cattail, and broadleaf cattail.</p><br>
<p>Open-air and motor sport activities have driven away a range of birds species once abundant by the lake, including the colony of black-headed gulls which once dominated it, other common species such as pochard, common teal, mute swan, Eurasian coot, and more rare visitors such as osprey and black-throated diver.</p><br>
<p>Fry of smooth newt was reported in 2000, the only amphibian reported by the lake. An inventory of damselflies in 1997 resulted in a list of emerald damselfly, red-eyed damselfly, variable damselfly, southern hawker, brilliant emerald, four-spotted chaser, eastern white-faced darter, and black darter. A second inventory in 2000 produced the following list interpreted as a normal amount of species: common hawker, brown hawker, Irish damselfly, variable damselfly, downy emerald, red-eyed damselfly, northern white-faced darter, brilliant emerald, and black darter.</p><br>
<p>Jones Beach, also known as Boyds Beach, is a beach on the south-eastern coast of Australia, facing the Tasman Sea. The beach is east of the settlement of and about 2 km south by east of the settlement of in the Illawarra and South Coast regions of New South Wales.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Jones Beach is a relatively straight east-facing white sand beach that is about 900 m long, located between Minnamurra Point, a 30 m high headland, and basalt columns of the southern Cathedral Rocks. The beach is also known as Boyds Beach, and the community behind it is Kiama Downs. A road runs the length of the beach. The northern half is given over to sand dunes, parks and the Kiama Downs Surf Life Saving Club, founded in 1982. Houses back the beach&#39;s southern half. The beach receives waves averaging 1 -, which result in a single bar usually cut by six, including permanent rips against each headland, the northern being the stronger. Rocks also occur in the surf toward the southern end.</p><br>
<p>It is a popular tourist spot and the beach is patrolled. Facilities include wheelchair accessible toilets, limited undercover and shaded picnic areas, and bicycle racks. Pets, glass or bottles, firearms, and jet skis are not permitted.</p><br>
<p>Surfing competitions are held at Jones Beach between February and October, and a one-on-one competition held in November annually.</p><br>
<p>Old Stone Church is a church building built in 1802. When it was constructed, it was in the Pendleton District, South Carolina. When Pendleton District was divided in 1826, the church was in Pickens District. When Pickens District was split in 1868, it was in Oconee County, South Carolina. In 1968, this section of Oconee County was annexed back to Pickens County. The church is about midway between the centers of Pendleton and Clemson. It is now in the city limits of Clemson.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1790, the Hopewell Presbyterian Church, which was also called the Hopewell-Keowee Church, was built in the Pickens District. Hopewell was the name of General Andrew Picken&#39;s house on the Seneca River. Keowee was a common name for this section of the Seneca River in this period. The first church was a log building. Its location is on South Experimental Forest of Clemson University in Pickens County on Seed Orchard Road about 200 m west of West Queen St. This church burned in 1796. The ruins can be found at the edge of the forest. A monument was on the site until 1980 when it was moved to inside of Old Stone Church to prevent vandalism.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was given a tract of land for the new church by John Miller, who was a printer in Pendleton. Miller had been a publisher in England. In 1775, he and two partners were tried for libel because of their publications of the Junius letters in the London Evening Post. They were found not guilty. In 1782, Miller came to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1783, he moved to Charleston, South Carolina and began publishing a newspaper, Pendleton Messenger. After the Treaty of Hopewell, he was given 640 acres (259 ha) on Eighteen Mile Creek near Pendleton by Governor Benjamin Guerard. He or his son later deeded about 16.9 acres (6.8 ha) to the Trustees of Hopewell Church.</p><br>
<p>The new church was constructed of field stone and mortar by John Rusk, who was the father of Texas Senator Thomas Jefferson Rusk, over the period from 1797 to 1802. It was a simple building with wooden pews and a pulpit. Early members of the church included Robert Anderson and Andrew Pickens.</p><br>
<p>In 1824, the congregation built a new church, Hopewell-Pendleton, in Pendleton. After the new church was built, The Old Stone Church was only used occasionally. The congregation in Pendleton is now known as the Pendleton Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>The Old Stone Church and Cemetery is on the National Register of Historic Places, No. 71000794. The South Carolina Department of Archives and History has additional pictures and information, and copies of the nomination forms.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Robert Anderson, American Revolutionary War colonel</p><br>
<p>Andrew Pickens, American Revolutionary War Brigadier general and member of the United States House of Representatives</p><br>
<p>Rebecca Calhoun Pickens, wife of Andrew Pickens and cousin of John C. Calhoun</p><br>
<p>John Miller, London printer</p><br>
<p>Reverend Thomas Reese</p><br>
<p>Raqchi  is an Inca archaeological site in Peru located in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, San Pedro District, near the populated place Raqchi. It is 3480 meters above sea level and 110 kilometers from the city of Cuzco. It also known as the Temple of Wiracocha, one of its constituents. Both lie along the Willkanuta River. The site has experienced a recent increase in tourism in recent years, with 83,334 visitors to the site in 2006, up from 8,183 in 2000 and 452 in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The Inka site at Raqchi was a primary control point on a road system that originated in Cusco and expanded as the Inka empire grew. It is located in a valley known for sacred sites. Most of the Inka structures are enclosed by a 4 km-long perimeter wall, but just outside it, on the Inka road that entered Raqchi from Cusco, an enclosure with eight rectangular buildings around a large courtyard was probably a tampu (a lodging house for travellers). The administrative records from around the same time as the site indicate that this was in all likelihood such a place. The complex of Raqchi consists of several different areas each designated with a specific function. Some have noted that these buildings may have been for religious and administrative officials. Others speculate that these buildings, paired with the scale of defenses may have been used as barracks to house troops. Nearby are approximately 220 circular buildings, likely used as storehouses, called qullqas. On the nearby hillsides are irrigated terraces which were likely used to keep the qullqas full for those traveling through. Raqchi also houses a nearby spring and a pool or bath in proximity to the Temple of Wiracocha which could have been used for rituals. It has also been mentioned that because of the dual religious and administrative purposes, that the Sun cult might have held the surrounding lands to keep llamas for sacrifice like a similar site called Mayobamba.</p><br>
<h3>Defense</h3><br>
<p>There is some evidence that there was a village on the same site before the Inka conquest, but that it was the Inka who built the defensive changes to the city. Raqch&#39;i is located on a prominent ridge overlooking the surrounding valley which provides a natural defensive position. Just beyond the wall there is a large dry moat running along the edge of the ridge the site is situated on. This in addition to the natural defense of steep slopes indicates that there was a reason that the Inka wanted or needed this site to be extremely well protected.</p><br>
<h3>Temple of Wiracocha</h3><br>
<p>The most prominent structure is the Temple of Wiracocha, an enormous rectangular two-story roofed structure that measures 92 m by 25.5 m. This structure consists of a central adobe wall some 18 to 20 meters in height with an andesite base. Windows and doors allow passage. It is flanked on each side by a row of eleven columns. The foundations measure 4 m for both the wall and the columns are classic high Inca stonework with the remaining height built of adobe.</p><br>
<p>Prior to its destruction by the Spaniards, the temple had what is believed to be the largest single roof in the Incan Empire, having its peak at the central wall, then stretching over the columns and some 25 m beyond on each side. The huge proportions of the temple, and its prominence on the site explain why the whole complex is also sometimes referred to as the Temple of Wiracocha.</p><br>
<p>The Temple is the only Inka building for which we have an account of how people should walk through it. It is highly significant that the design of the building means that, on entering its two known doorways, progress of visitors is immediately blocked by a series of tall pillars that they are forced to walk around. If devotees took this as a suggestion as to how to proceed through the building, they would have begun to trace a path similar to a zig-zag motion. This could have been deliberate design; a way to express aspects of Inka cosmology in particular their relationship with Wiracocha. In processing through the temple,</p><br>
<p>the devotees would have wound their way towards the statue of Viracocha, the volcano and the spring.</p><br>
<p>According to Inca mythology, Wiracocha came to the region the Inka called Kacha but the local people there did not recognize him and tried to attack him. When he them, he made fire fall from the sky and burn the hills around the people. The Kacha went to Wiracocha pleading forgiveness and he put the fires out and explained to them who he was. They built a waka (shrine) where Wiracocha had stood and gave him many offerings. When the Inka Huayna Capac passed by the province of Kacha he saw the waka shrine of Viracocha in the midst of the plain and he asked why it was there. The people of the province told him of the miracle that Viracocha had performed. He decided that the remembrance of this event should be greater and ordered the erection of the temple.</p><br>
<h3>Living quarters</h3><br>
<p>Adjoining the temple to the north are twelve living quarters which would have housed both priests and local administrators. The living area is divided into separate squared lots the largest of which is roughly 4x6m. All have niches in their walls which might have been used for storage, though some of the niches have cover posts, suggesting they may have held sacred objects.</p><br>
<h3>Storehouses</h3><br>
<p>To the eastern side of the temple are 152 round qullqas in parallel lines, each measuring some 10 m in diameter. These storehouses were used to hold grains, such as corn and quinoa, that would have been used for ceremonial purposes as well as pottery, woven cloth and military equitment. The storehouses are also unique as unlike other structures throughout the empire they are not square cornered. The reason for this is unknown.</p><br>
<h3>Qucha</h3><br>
<p>The Qucha (Quechua for "lake") is an artificial lake fed by a spring through two sets of finely constructed stone fountains with a raised platform beside one of them. It is a central feature of the site that is overlooked by both the temple and the raised platform, and is fed by the two fountains, which are of a type that the Inka used in cleansing rituals and as a place to make offerings. Between the northern fountain and the raised platform archaeologists found a deep layer of ash that may have been the remains of burnt offerings made on or near the raised platform. This ash was possibly being stored prior to depositing it in the qucha and letting it wash into the Willkanuta River (a similar ceremony is reported for Inka Cuzco). In Inka cosmology, springs were often regarded as sacred, and the association with the temple and the volcano may suggest that the spring at Raqchi, with its fountains, was conceived of as the place of origin of the Kana people mentioned in the legend of Viracocha.</p><br>
<h3>Fairground and baths</h3><br>
<p>To the west of the temple is a large field, now used by locals for farming, that might have been a fairground or to hold overflow of worshipers from the temple itself. On the far western edge of this field is a set of baths similar to ceremonial baths at important sites throughout the empire.</p><br>
<p>The Abbeville Opera House, also known as the Abbeville Opera House and Municipal Office Building is an historic building located in Abbeville, South Carolina. Designed by William Augustus Edwards of Edwards and Wilson, it was opened in 1904 and dedicated in 1908. On July 1, 1970, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>According to the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism the theater has received the South Carolina Governor&#39;s Travel Award for Tourism and was designated as the Official Rural Drama State Theatre of South Carolina. It is included in the Abbeville Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At the turn of the 20th century there were many "road companies" producing shows in New York City. Once the production was assembled, the show traveled throughout the country. One of the more popular tours went from New York to Richmond to Atlanta. For a number of years, Abbeville was an overnight stop for the entire touring company. Several members of the community decided that if this area had a facility, since the travelling companies were coming through the area anyway, Abbeville could sponsor some of these touring productions.</p><br>
<p>On October 1, 1908, what was then the Abbeville District dedicated a new Abbeville County Courthouse and City Hall. The grand old theatre now known as the Abbeville Opera House was a part of that splendid pair of buildings "equal in beauty of architecture and modern conveniences of any in the state," according to regional newspaper accounts of the day. From that time on, all the "greats and near greats" played on the magnificent Opera House stage. Vaudeville was in its "heyday" as was Abbeville and the Abbeville Opera House.</p><br>
<p>Today, most people who visit the historic Abbeville Opera House see a building that</p><br>
<p>represents a microcosm of the history of Abbeville since the turn-of-the-century. Efforts toward preservation and renewal of Abbeville and the renewal of</p><br>
<p>the Abbeville Opera House began some thirty years ago. The restored Abbeville Opera House continues to be one of the strongest drawing cards for the tourism industry in the upstate of South Carolina. The theatre operates year-round. The</p><br>
<p>218 newly refurbished seats face a 7,800 ft&sup2; stage. The balcony has</p><br>
<p>92 seats and the turn of the 20th century boxes seat up to 6 people in each of the</p><br>
<p>four box seats.</p><br>
<p>The River Eye is a river in north-eastern Leicestershire that becomes the Wreake.</p><br>
<p>The Eye rises at Bescaby, about six miles (10 km) north-east of Melton Mowbray. It flows east towards Saltby, where it turns south and flows past Sproxton, Coston and Garthorpe. At Saxby it turns west and flows by Stapleford, Freeby, Wyfordby, Brentingby and Thorpe Arnold. At Swan&#39;s Nest it enters Melton Mowbray, where it flows under bridges at Burton Road and Leicester Road. It then passes Sysonby, where, at Sysonby Lodge it changes its name to the River Wreake, which flows into the River Soar. Its full journey is about 13 miles (21 km).</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The river is never wide nor fast flowing, although it does flood periodically. It drifts through the gentle rolling countryside of north-east Leicestershire by fields bounded by hawthorn hedges. There is very little woodland in the area, what&#39;s there is largely man-made in the form of fox coverts. Farming in the district is largely pastoral, with the grassland given over to sheep and cows, the traditional beasts of local agriculture. Stilton and Red Leicester cheeses originally came from the village and farm dairies in the Eye basin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name Eye comes from the Old English ēa, meaning "the river". It probably had an older, pre-historic name that has now been lost. However, Wreake is Danish in origin, meaning the twisting or meandering one.</p><br>
<h3>Iron Age remains</h3><br>
<p>The river has been the centre of human activity for many centuries. To its north-east, at Saltby Heath, are King Lud&#39;s Entrenchments, which may date from prehistoric times, although historians debate this. It may be significant that the Entrenchments lie just inside the county boundary with Lincolnshire, which may have been a territorial frontier. The county boundary follows the watershed between the River Eye and River Witham, and is marked by the ancient routeway from south-east England to the north, known as Sewstern Lane or The Drift.</p><br>
<p>About six miles south of the river at Melton Mowbray lie the impressive remains of an Iron Age hill fort at Burrough Hill. It is suggested that this may have been the tribal centre for the Corieltauvi people who lived in the East Midland counties of Leicester, Lincoln, Nottingham and Rutland. There is a presumed prehistoric trackway from Burrough Hill northward towards Melton Mowbray, where it crosses the River Eye and heads north towards the Vale of Belvoir. In Roman times the tribal centre was moved to Leicester, which the Romans named Ratis (or Ratae) Corieltauvorum.</p><br>
<h3>Danish and Saxon villages</h3><br>
<p>Nine of the villages bordering the river have Danish names. The rest are Saxon. It is likely that these incomers used the river to reach their new homes. All these villages are likely to have been sited on dry ground close to a good source of water. The River Eye provided this source. Stapleford means the ford (over the River Eye) marked by posts and indicates that the lanes around the Eye were in use twelve hundred years or so ago.</p><br>
<p>Melton Mowbray appears to have become the Eye basin&#39;s trading centre in Saxon times. Its market probably pre-dates the Norman conquest and is one of the few in England listed in the Domesday Book (1085). Melton continued as the main trading centre in the area throughout medieval times, up to the present day.</p><br>
<h3>Nineteenth century</h3><br>
<p>The Eye valley was used by the Oakham Canal when it was built early in the nineteenth century. The stretch of the river from Stapleford to Sysonby (about six miles, 10 km) was canalised. There are a few sparse remains of the canal, although the river has largely reverted to its natural state. In 1844 the Midland Railway built the Syston and Peterborough Railway alongside the canal. It had to buy out the canal company as part of the agreement to build the railway. The Midland Railway allowed the canal to fall into disrepair because it was the major competitor to its new route.</p><br>
<h2>The river today</h2><br>
<p>Today, the River Eye is a relatively unknown part of the English landscape. Like many rivers it has a long history, much of it unwritten. It is still vital as a water source and drainage route and has a leisure focus for fishermen and those who walk the rights of way that criss-cross its route. The Eye has given its name to the UK&#39;s first community radio station 103 The Eye which has been broadcasting to Melton Mowbray and Vale of Belvoir since 2005.</p><br>
<p>Lake Glenn Shoals is a 1,250-acre  reservoir located in Montgomery County, Illinois. Created in 1976 by damming the Middle Fork of Illinois&#39;s Shoal Creek, it was built for recreation, sport fishing, and water supply purposes. The lake is 4 miles  long and 0.4 miles  wide. The nearest town is Hillsboro, Illinois, south of Springfield, Illinois and northeast of Saint Louis, Missouri.</p><br>
<p>Lake Glenn Shoals is managed for bass, bluegill, catfish, crappie, and tiger muskie. The lake is managed in two halves, north and south of the Irving Township bridge, with boats able to go as fast as 35 mph (55 km/h) south of the bridge but only 5 mph (8 km/h) north of the structure. The nearest interstate highway exit is Exit 52 on Interstate 55, near Litchfield.</p><br>
<p>The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency classified Lake Glenn Shoals in April 2006 as an "impaired" lake, due largely to the large quantities of phosphorus, suspended silt, and algae in the lake. These findings could be connected to the significant use of the lake&#39;s drainage catchment area by commercial farmers.</p><br>
<p>The municipality of Hillsboro operates the lake and keeps it stocked with fish. A city permit is required for boaters seeking to use the lake.</p><br>
<p>Pecixe is an island or group of islands in the Bissagos Islands, Guinea-Bissau, it belongs to the Cacheu Region and the Caió sector. The area is 168 km², its length is 20.6 km and its witch is 12.8 km. Cassaca is the chief town. The language of the island or islands is reported to be Mandjak , a language of Guinea-Bissau with over 72,000 speakers altogether. Jeta, an island lies to the west. It is an island closer to the mainland being 3 km near and separated by the Canal de Gebá, around the end of the Ice Age, it formed a part of the mainland.</p><br>
<p>Its location is 50 km west of the capital city of Bissau and is located near the Mansoa river in the east, other nearby featured includes Ilha de Mantanbua and its channel to the northeast, three promontories are to the south and a few islets. A lighthouse is located west of Injante. Other towns includes BIeu and Injante.</p><br>
<p>Its natural vegetation like every part of the coastline of Guinea-Bissau consists of mangrove forests and a swampy rainforest. It has a tropical climate and heavy rainfall occur during summer months. Logging activity occurred in recent decades, some of the land would be for agricultural use, much of it inside a built up area and some within swamps but many areas remains a forest and being used as a forest farm.</p><br>
<p>In its history, around 1963, Cassaca was liberated from Portuguese rule. The first party congress of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) shortly took place in February 1964. Years later, the island continued to be under Portuguese rule until around early 1974 before Guinea-Bissau became independent later in the year.</p><br>
<p>Little Nicobar  is one of the Nicobar Islands, India.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami caused extensive damage to this island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Little Nicobar Island&#39;s area is 140 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>There are a few smaller islands of Little Nicobar&#39;s shores: Menchal, Pulomilo, Treis/Albatei, Trak/Mafuya and Meroe.</p><br>
<p>The island of Katchal is located 56 km to the north.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>According to the 2011 census of India, Little Nicobar Island has 278 villagers in 59 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 100%.</p><br>
<p>Pulopanja, Puloulo, and Makhahu (Victoria Harbour) are the main villages on the island.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island belongs to the township of Great Nicobar of Little Nicobar Taluk.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Katchal  is one of the Nicobar Islands, India.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Katchal Island was previously known as Tihanyu.</p><br>
<p>Due to the remote location and lack of exposure with the rest of the world, outsiders economically exploited the innocent islanders for a long time. To stop their economic exploitation, the Government of India declared the Nicobar Islands an Aboriginal Tribal Reserve Area (ATRA) on 2 April 1957. This made the Nicobar Islands inaccessible to outsiders and currently even Indian nationals need a special tribal pass to visit the islands. Only Government Servants (outsiders) posted to Katchal Islands are allowed to stay in the Island.</p><br>
<p>Nicobar Islands have experienced all kinds of external influences for centuries, because they are located along an ancient international sea trade route and have been known to voyagers and scholars since ancient times. Due to this, the islands have been receiving external influences, which have affected their culture and race over the centuries. According to recent history, an archeological inscription dating to AD 1059 says that Nicobar was part of the overseas kingdom of Tamil Chola King of Tanjore. In 1869, the British took possession of the Nicobar Islands from the Danes and made them a part of modern India.</p><br>
<p>At sunrise on 1 January 2000, picturesque Katchal Island was in the news. Many rich and famous people from around the world had converged on it for a glimpse of the millennium&#39;s first sunrise.</p><br>
<p>Katchal was one of the worst affected islands during the December 26th 2004 Tsunami. The Tsunami devastated the Island, disturbing the socio-economic set-up of its inhabitants. Of the 5,000 people missing (5000 is official - actual is more) in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 1,549 were believed to be from Katchal.</p><br>
<p>To support the local population a sizable number of Govt. Staffs were posted to this Island prior to the Tsunami day. Most of the staff went missing as majority of the Govt. provided Staff Quarters were situated very close to the sea shore and a very few managed to escape to the nearby hill. To cite an example - not a single teacher out of 47 posted here prior to 26-11-2004 were found alive.</p><br>
<p>Some people managed to escape the waters by clinging over to coconut tree tops. Of the 344 people reported dead, only one body could be identified. Either the bodies were decomposed beyond recognition or there were no survivors to claim them.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Its area is 146.5 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>It is approximately 1,600 km away from mainland (India) and 305 km south to capital Port Blair.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak of Katchal is 835 feet high.</p><br>
<p>The hills of Katchal are composed of calcareous sandstone and marble slates, and in the beautiful tropical forest of Katchal one will find lots of pythons, black monkeys and pigs. Katchal has much natural beauty. The eye-catching scenery of the beaches, the jungle, and the sunrise and sunset are some of the things that make the island really worth visiting.</p><br>
<h2>Demography</h2><br>
<p>Katchal Island is home to both indigenous and non-indigenous people.</p><br>
<p>Katchal is inhabited by Nicobari Tribes and Migrated Tamilians (For Rubber plantation workers under Sastri-Srimao Bandaranayaka Pact of 1964).</p><br>
<p>After the tsunami almost all the tribal chiefs and their heirs were killed, leaving the tribes virtually headless.</p><br>
<p>Katchal is the largest island of the central group of islands and had 35 villages (of which six were main villages). After the tsunami, the natives regrouped and formed five tribal villages in the island viz. E-Wall, Meenakshi Ram Nagar, Japan Tikrey, Sallo Tikrey, and Upper Katchal. Mildera is another village in the island inhabited by non tribal people (Tamil repatriates and Ranchi communities).</p><br>
<p>Languages spoken in Katchal are Nicobari, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu and Santhali.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>Katchal Island belongs to the township of Nancowry of Katchal tehsil.</p><br>
<p>The Island is not open to tourists and special permission is required from the local administration at Port Blair.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<p>These are the facilities on the island:</p><br>
<p>Health:</p><br>
<p>Primary Health Center: 1</p><br>
<p>Secondary Health Center: 3</p><br>
<p>Education:</p><br>
<p>Primary School - 6 ( Kindergarten to 5th Standard),</p><br>
<p>Middle School - 2 ( 6th to 8th Standard),</p><br>
<p>Senior Secondary School - 1 (11th to 12th Standard)</p><br>
<p>Govt.:</p><br>
<p>Water supply is adequate and sufficient.</p><br>
<p>Power station which is electrified and has plans to augment the DG (Diesel Generators) capacity at Katchal Islands by 3x128 KW DG Sets.</p><br>
<p>9 km of roads (Pucca road).</p><br>
<p>Police Station:1</p><br>
<p>Jetty: 1, A Berthable Jetty at Nirma Nagar</p><br>
<p>Communication: Wireless Local Loop Phones and PSTN phones. Mobile phone signal strength is currently very low.</p><br>
<p>Information Technology: Connected by VSAT under E-Governance project of A & N Administration for speeding up the developmental works and effective monitoring.</p><br>
<h2>Economics</h2><br>
<p>According to initial estimates, 112 hectares (277 acres) of land has been rendered useless due to salination after the tsunami, and 3.54 lakh coconut and an equal number of Supari (betel nut) trees destroyed.</p><br>
<p>Currently, The villagers are engaged in coconut, betelnut and arecanut trade. In 1968, rubber plantation and subsequently red oil palm plantation were established here.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Birds found:</p><br>
<p>White-rumped munia</p><br>
<p>Oriental white-eye</p><br>
<p>Red-whiskered bulbul</p><br>
<p>Orange thrush</p><br>
<p>Grey wagtail</p><br>
<p>Purple-rumped sunbird</p><br>
<p>Asian paradise flycatcher</p><br>
<p>Emerald dove</p><br>
<p>White-breasted sea eagle</p><br>
<p>Pied triller</p><br>
<p>Shikra</p><br>
<p>Long-tailed parakeet</p><br>
<p>White-collared kingfisher</p><br>
<p>Black-naped oriole</p><br>
<p>Black-naped monarch</p><br>
<p>Brown shrike</p><br>
<p>Pied imperial pigeon</p><br>
<p>Pacific reef egret</p><br>
<p>Plume-toed swiftlet</p><br>
<p>Andaman green pigeon</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Teressa  is one of the Nicobar Islands, India.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Austria (1778-1784) and Denmark (1754/56-1868) claimed Nicobar Islands as a colony, They named Teressa after the Austrian Arch-duchess Maria Theresia.</p><br>
<p>Extensive damage to the island&#39;s flora and fauna occurred following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Teressa lies west of the neighboring island of Camorta and northwest of Katchal. The smaller island known as Chowra is to the north and Bompoka lies to the east. The northern portion of the island has elevations reaching 87 meters.</p><br>
<p>The island has a surface area of 101.26 km².</p><br>
<h2>Demography</h2><br>
<p>The Indian National Census of 2011 showed the island to have a population of 1,934, and the largest settlements were: Bengali (354), Kalasi (335), and Minyuk (305).</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island belongs to the township of Nancowry of Teressa Taluk.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Standard House is a landmark in the city of Peekskill in Westchester County, New York, built in 1855. It is located at 50 Hudson Avenue between South Water Street and the Metro-North Hudson Line train tracks.</p><br>
<p>An Italianate brick building, it and the Union Hotel across the street are the only two hotel buildings remaining from the period of Peekskills industrial height as a center for the manufacture of stoves. It continued to be in use as a hotel after that industry declined, but couldnt survive the decline of the railroad in the mid-20th century. Vacant and neglected through most of the later years of that century, it was restored early in the next. In 2000 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Currently it houses a retail store on the ground floor, and the city&#39;s economic development offices.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The buildings small lot is flat, reflecting the nearby Hudson River. The fenced-off tracks are on its west; it shares a party wall with another commercial building to the east. To its north is a vacated section of the former West Street, the only fragment of Peekskills once yellow-brick paved streets remaining in the city.</p><br>
<p>The Standard House is a three-story painted brick building, four bays by three, with a shallow-pitched pyramidal roof covered in bitumen roll topped by a central cupola with a flagpole on top. Two brick chimneys rise from the western corners. The south (front) elevation of the first story has two glass storefronts, topped by a wooden cornice. All four windows on both upper stories are round-arched with louvered shutters, brick keystones and a stone sill supported by corbeled brick. "STANDARD HOUSE" is prominently painted on a wooden panel between the second and third stories.</p><br>
<p>The roofline has a dentilled wooden box cornice, with molding and brackets above a paneled frieze. The cupola has roofing and trim similar to the rest of the building. Some past fire damage is still visible at its southwest corner.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the first floor has been completely gutted and rebuilt. Only the original wood siding and window framing on the west wall remain. The two upper stories have their original plans intact as well as most of their original finishings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in approximately 1855, it was originally used as a boarding house and tavern, catering to the busy traffic in the industrial area of the city near the New York Central railroad and the Hudson River. The name "Standard House" is not associated with the property until a photo taking during the Blizzard of 1888 shows the name on the facade between the second and third stories as it appears today.</p><br>
<p>The origins of the name are unclear. Theories that have been advanced suggest a connection to William Jennings Bryan. The first concerns The Standard, a society newspaper published in New York and London during the 1890s. Issues with articles highlighting Bryan and Chauncey Depew, a Peekskill native, were found in the building during its restoration. At that time, the owner, John Galligan, was a staunch supporter of Bryan and bimetallism A local newspaper photo taken of Bryan campaigning from the railroad station during the 1908 presidential election shows the Standard House prominently in the background. A photo in the same newspaper of William Howard Taft speaking at the same spot two days later was taken from a different angle that does not show the building at all.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the early 20th century, the Standard House passed through several other owners. At the outset of Prohibition, a man named John Carbone bought it and turned it into a successful restaurant, restoring liquor service after Prohibitions repeal. While the industry around Peekskills waterfront declined, Carbone&#39;s remained successful, but the building was neglected by subsequent ownership, which renamed it the Central Grill. After suffering severe fire damage, the building was boarded up and left to deteriorate further while the city pursued a foreclosure action against its owners for unpaid property taxes.</p><br>
<p>In 1998, the building was purchased by Kathy and Rick Cerreta, longtime city residents with an interest in historic preservation. The city has also recognized them for the effort. They have been leasing the space inside to local businesses since then.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In 2001, the Standard House was used as a police station in the 2002 movie Unfaithful, however the filmmakers decided to change the ending of the movie, and the scene with "Standard House" was omitted. The building can still be seen in the "deleted scenes" section of the movie&#39;s DVD.</p><br>
<p>Bodie Island  is a long, narrow barrier peninsula that forms the northernmost portion of the Outer Banks. The land that is most commonly referred to as Bodie Island was at one time a true island, however in 1811 Roanoke inlet that separated it from the Currituck Banks in the north closed. As a result, the Currituck Banks and Bodie Island are now one contiguous peninsula, joined together at the Nags Head area, where the inlet once flowed. Today, either name can be used to refer to peninsula as a whole, but both portions colloquially retain their historical names.</p><br>
<p>From the southern tip at Oregon Inlet, the peninsula stretches largely northwest out of North Carolina and into Virginia Beach, Virginia to join the mainland at Sandbridge near the north shore of Back Bay. The entire peninsula is approximately 72 miles in length, following the shoreline.</p><br>
<h2>Places of interest</h2><br>
<p>The peninsula is home to two lighthouses, Bodie Island Light and Currituck Beach Light. The Wright Brothers National Monument also has a beacon and is found on the peninsula. Jockey&#39;s Ridge, the tallest sand dune on the East Coast, is found on the peninsula. The Cape Hatteras National Seashore protects the southernmost part of Bodie Island, and the Currituck National Wildlife Refuge, Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge and False Cape State Park protect portions of the northern part of the peninsula.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bodie Island was originally known as Bodies Island or Bodys Island and was named for a family variously named "Body" "Boddye" "Boddy" and "Bodie" that settled there. Robert Boddy/Boddie emigrated to Virginia from London, England on August 10, 1635 on HMS Safety. He settled in the Isle of Wight, Virginia and his descendants settled in what became Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and and Bodie island was named for his descendants who settled the area. The family was originally from which is where their originated as. Their history is noted in Seventeenth Century Isle of Wight County, Virginia Folklore sometimes attributes the naming of the island to the dead "bodies" of drowned sailors that washed up from the ships that ran aground and sank off the Outer Banks in what is now known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic.</p><br>
<p>Inlets frequently open and close along the Outer Banks, making landform naming inconsistent. Bodie Island, when it was an island, extended farther south than it does today. The island was originally formed around 1738, when New Inlet opened, separating Bodie Island from Hatteras Island to the south. The opening of Oregon Inlet in 1846 truncated the southern portion of Bodie Island, forming a new island situated between Bodie and Hatteras. The new barrier island was given the name Pea Island, but the wider, more powerful Oregon Inlet led to the eventual closure of New Inlet around 1933. Pea Island had thus become a part of Hatteras Island until 2011 when New Inlet reopened during Hurricane Irene.</p><br>
<p>Near the North Carolina-Virginia state line, the Currituck Inlet and Musketo Inlets along with Caffeys Inlet to the south in the vicinity of Duck once existed, which made the Currituck Banks itself a chain of islands. Currituck inlet served as the boundary between the two states in the early 18th century. Caffeys Inlet closed in 1811, New Currituck Inlet had closed by 1828 and Musketo Inlet finally closed in 1882 creating the long peninsula extending from Sandbridge to Oregon Inlet that is seen today.</p><br>
<p>Explorer John Lawson mentions Bodies Island just once in his 1709 book A New Voyage to Carolina, when discussing fauna of North Carolina, in particular, a species of rabbit. He wrote the following: "I was told of several that were upon Bodies Island by Ronoak, which came from that Ship of Bodies;" This would indicate that Bodie Island was so named as early as 1709.</p><br>
<h2>Localities</h2><br>
<p>The following is a list of places found on the peninsula, listed from south to north.</p><br>
<p>Nags Head, North Carolina</p><br>
<p>Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina</p><br>
<p>Kitty Hawk, North Carolina</p><br>
<p>Southern Shores, North Carolina</p><br>
<p>Duck, North Carolina</p><br>
<p>Corolla, North Carolina</p><br>
<p>Carova Beach, North Carolina</p><br>
<p>Sandbridge, Virginia</p><br>
<h2>Accessibility</h2><br>
<p>Bodie Island can be accessed from North Carolina mainland from the Wright Memorial Bridge, originally built in 1966.</p><br>
<p>It can also be accessed from USA Route 64 since the Washington Baum Bridge opened in 1994. Motorists driving north on the Outer Banks from Hatteras and Pea Islands reach the Currituck Banks on NC highway 12.</p><br>
<p>The north end of the peninsula is accessible by Sandpiper and Sandfiddler Roads via Sandbridge Road, but there is no highway connecting the Virginia portion of the Currituck Banks with the North Carolina portion, and even driving on the beach is no longer permitted north of the North Carolina border. Plans for an additional access point near Corolla which would be called the Mid-Currituck Bridge are currently on hold.</p><br>
<p>Sròn a’ Choire Ghairbh is a Scottish mountain situated on the northern side of Loch Lochy, 13 kilometres north of Spean Bridge in the Highland Council area.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Sròn a’ Choire Ghairbh reaches a height of 937 metres (3074 feet) and is classified as both a Munro and a Marilyn. It is highest of the Loch Lochy hills and is invariably climbed along with the neighbouring Munro of Meall na Teanga to which it is joined by the distinctive col of the Cam Bhealach. Both these hills which are often referred to as the Loch Lochy Munros are well seen from the A82 road on the opposite side of the loch, showing steep slopes which are forested below the 300 metre contour. There are also extensive conifer plantings on the lower northern (Glen Garry) side of the mountain, this is gradually being restored to native species. The hills name translates from the Gaelic as The Nose of the Rough Corrie referring to the summits location on the edge of the craggy Coire Glas, which stands to the east.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Sròn a’ Choire Ghairbh’s main geographical feature is the Coire Glas which has the small Loch a’ Choire Ghlais within its upper recesses. The mountain is horse shoe shaped and throws down two ridges on either side of the corrie, the lengthy east ridge is five kilometres long and goes over the two subsidiary tops of Sean Mheall (888 metres) and Meall nan Dearcag (693 metres) before descending to the Kilfinnan Burn at the north end of Loch Lochy. Another ridge called Meall a’ Choire Ghlais goes north and then north east along the other side of Corrie Glas, it loses very little height for two kilometres before descending steeply and rockily to the Beallach Easain (548 metres) which connects it to the Corbett Ben Tee.</p><br>
<p>In all other directions the mountain is steep and grassy, to the south lies the Cam Beallach, a mountain pass that links to the Munro Meall na Teanga, the Cam Beallach is seen as a distinct notch in the skyline between the two Munros whether viewed from the east or the west. To the north is the small Coire an Eich which drains north into Glen Garry to find its way to the sea at the east coast via Loch Ness. Sròn a’ Choire Ghairbh is actually on the main north-south water divide of Scotland with rainfall on all other parts of the hill going to the west coast via Loch Lochy and Loch Linnhe.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>Sròn a’ Choire Ghairbh is nearly always climbed from the Cam Beallach, however there are two possible ways of arriving there. The southern approach starts at the car park at the Eas Cia-aig waterfall on the B8005 at grid reference, Gleann Cia-aig is ascended to its head where the Cam Beallach is clearly in view</p><br>
<p>. The approach from the north east starts at the car park at Laggan Locks just off the A82 at grid reference and takes the rising track through the forest on Loch Lochy’s northern side to reach the Cam Beallach. The continuation to the summit from the Cam Beallach follows a very good stalkers path which zig zags up the mountainside to the highest point which overlooks Coire Glas. The mountain has a substantial prominence of 622 metres ensuring that the summit is a fine viewpoint for the surrounding mountains of Lochaber and beyond.</p><br>
<p>Sròn a’ Choire Ghairbh is one of the few hills in Scotland that has a visitors book at its summit (Mam Sodhail being one of the others). The book is kept in a coffee jar inside a wooden box and is maintained by Richard Wood of Invergarry.</p><br>
<p>The two Loch Lochy Munros are sometimes climbed by travellers on the Great Glen Way between Fort William and Inverness, the two hills offering variety on what is a low level multi day walk.</p><br>
<p>Lake Kuş or Lake Manyas  is a lake in western Turkey, located in the Bandırma region. This is a shallow nutrient-rich freshwater lake  fed by groundwater and four streams. Small deltas have formed where the latter enter the lake, comprising extensive marshes and tree-lined riverbanks. Narrow belts of reed Phragmites fringe much of the lake. Water is abstracted for factory use and for irrigation. Cattle- and sheep-grazing is common along the lake shores.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Manyas Lake is an important site for breeding and wintering waterbirds. In 1938 the Kuş Cenneti (Turkish for "Bird Paradise") nature reserve was set up by the German zoologist and hydrologist Curt Kosswig who worked in Turkey from 1937-1955. This 64 hectare sanctuary occupies a largely unspoiled area of the lakeside near Sığırcık in the northeast corner of the lake. It has a small ornithological museum of stuffed birds in poor condition, remote-controlled viewing cameras, and an observation tower erected by the Hydrology Department of the University of Istanbul in 1952.</p><br>
<p>More than 270 species of birds have been recorded at the lake. Important bird species include white-headed duck (Oxyura leucocephala), Eurasian spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia), greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus), plus breeding populations of the vulnerable Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus). Migrating great white pelicans (Pelecanus onocrotalus) often roost at the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation issues</h2><br>
<p>High threats include agricultural use and intensification, drainage and dam construction. Artificially high water-levels have resulted in the loss of feeding marshes. Nesting trees in the National Park have also begun to die as a result of prolonged inundation. Agricultural, industrial and household pollution enters the lake in large quantities. Due to over-fishing, disease, pollution and possibly the effects of the changing water regime, fish catches have declined drastically. Fish migration into the lake is now impossible following the construction of a regulator.</p><br>
<p>Eagle Lake is a lake at 5,098 ft elevation in Lassen County approximately 15 mi north of Susanville, California. An endorheic alkaline lake, it is the second largest natural lake entirely in the state of California, United States.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Eagle Lake is home to osprey (Pandion haliaetus) and bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), from which it gets its name.</p><br>
<p>Eagle Lake is the only watershed which supports native Eagle Lake trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss aquilarum). These rainbow trout grow to very large sizes, possibly having evolved to live longer as low flows often restrict spawning runs up their main spawning stream, Pine Creek. The average size of Eagle Lake trout are about 1.5 lb and can exceed 10 lb. Adults quickly grow to a size of 17 to 18 in in three years and can live for up to 11 years. Since these Modoc Lakes are high in alkalinity, the trout have evolved to only be able to live in these lakes. These trout were once so abundant that there was a commercial fishery for them in the late 19th century. At the same time, extensive logging and heavy livestock grazing caused Pine Creek to change from a permanent to an intermittent stream in its lower reaches. In the early 1950s the few remaining eagle lake rainbow trout at the mouth of Pine Creek were rescued and used to start a hatchery program to maintain the species and the sport fishery. Because of the complete dependence of Eagle Lake rainbow trout on hatchery production, the American Fisheries Society considers it to be a threatened species and NatureServe has listed it as critically imperiled. Peter Moyle considers it to be one of the most endangered salmonids in California. However, a petition for listing the Eagle Lake rainbow trout as a threatened species was rejected by the USA Fish and Wildlife Service in 1994, and a similar petition was rejected by the California State Fish and Game Commission in 2004. From 2007 to 2009 Bogard Spring Creek, a tributary to Pine Creek, was electrofished to remove non-native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis).</p><br>
<p>Non-native fish have not survived in the lake because of its high alkalinity, although in the early 1900s during a period of higher lake levels and falling alkalinity, Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and Brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) became abundant in the lake for some years.</p><br>
<p>Historically American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) nested on Eagle Lake. They suffered from hunting by locals who mistakenly thought the pelicans ate the native trout and stopped nesting completely after 1932, when water was exported for agricultural irrigation and lowered the lake level by 3 meters, changing their nesting island into a less desirable peninsula ("Pelican Point").</p><br>
<h2>Watershed and tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Eagle Lake was once part of a large lake on the Modoc Plateau millions of years ago. The modern lake is 15 mi long by 1.8 - wide and is highly alkaline (pH 8-9). The lake consists of three basins, two of them averaging 16 - deep, the third averaging 32 - and reaching a depth of nearly 98 ft.</p><br>
<p>The tributaries of Eagle Lake (beginning in the lake&#39;s north end and going clockwise) are Cleghorn Creek, Papoose Creek, Merrill Creek, and Pine Creek. Pine Creek is the main tributary of Eagle Lake and is 39 mi long. Now an intermittent stream; only the upper 6.8 mi of Pine Creek has perennial flow. In 1923 the Leon Bly Tunnel was constructed to export lake water to the Honey Lake Valley via Willow Creek, a tributary of the Susan River. The 2 mi long tunnel was cut through old lava flows but falling lake levels rendered it useless and a landslide partially blocked the tunnel entrance. However, a 1990 study found that lake water still flows through the tunnel although tunnel fish are from the Willow Creek assemblage.</p><br>
<p>The Grove Park Inn is an historic resort hotel on the western-facing slope of Sunset Mountain within the Blue Ridge Mountains, in Asheville, North Carolina. It is a AAA Four-Diamond Hotel and has been since</p><br>
<p>2001. It has been visited by many United States&#39; presidents and many other notable personages.</p><br>
<p>Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the hotel is an example of the Arts and Crafts style. It also features a $44 million, 40,000 ft&sup2, modern subterranean spa, which placed #13 worldwide in Travel + Leisures World&#39;s Best Hotel Spas in 2008. The Grove Park Inn is a member of the, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Grove Park Inn was conceptualized by Edwin Wiley Grove (1850–1927) with the help of his son-in-law Fred Loring Seely (1871–1942). Edwin Wiley Grove, known as the “Father of Modern Asheville” was born in 1850 on a small farm in Tennessee. After serving in the Civil War he had a very definite plan for his life and career – the pharmaceutical business and the determination to rise from his early poverty to great wealth and success. While in his mid-twenties, Grove purchased Paris Medicine Company. Originally based in Paris, Tennessee, the firm was moved to St. Louis.</p><br>
<p>Its primary money-making product was Groves Chill Tonic, which was a tasty syrup elixir containing quinine. This formula would help tame the raging chills brought on by malaria. While still pursuing new pharmaceutical inventions, Grove met Fred Seely in Detroit, who was making a name for himself in the pharmaceutical business. While working together in Detroit, the two sparked a friendship and mutual admiration. Grove invited Seely to his summer home in Asheville. One week later he left his position in Detroit to work for Grove and his Paris Medicine Company. But business was not the only thing that interested Seely. When Grove introduced his daughter, Evelyn, to the bachelor, within 24 hours Grove had given Seely permission to wed her. Seely was married to Evelyn Grove (1877-1953), Edwins daughter with his first wife Mary Louisa (Lou) Moore Grove. Lou died in 1878 when her daughter, Evelyn, was only one year old. Groves second wife, Gertrude, was to bear Mr. Grove a son, fondly known as Eddie. After Grove died on January 27, 1927 his second wife and Eddie and Evelyn inherited the income from a trust Mr. Grove had set up. Gertrude sued for widows rights and busted the trust, but then died in 1928 which allowed Eddie to inherit his mother&#39;s share of the Grove fortune. Eddie died six years later in 1934. Most of the fortune was exhausted according to historian Bruce Johnson.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1890s, Grove’s Tasteless Chill Tonic, which had become a household staple, sold more bottles than Coca-Cola. After 20 years on the market, Grove has sold over 1.5 million bottles of his Tonic and surpassed his dreams by making millions of dollars.</p><br>
<p>Edwin believed the Asheville, North Carolina climate would have health benefits and be the ideal location for a resort. His doctors sent him there to determine if the climate would help reduce or cure his bouts with extreme hiccups, which would last several weeks at a time.</p><br>
<p>E. W. Grove began to accumulate the land for the inn and his Grove Park-Kimberly Avenue developments in 1910. He bought several farms and sloped areas all the way to the top of Sunset Mountain. Grove bought and demolished several TB sanitariums in his zeal to change the face of Asheville.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in 1912 and was completed in 11 months and 27 days. This was accomplished by paying high wages to the dedicated workers. Circus tents were erected on the job site to house the workers.</p><br>
<p>Just three days shy of one year, The Grove Park Inn opened on July 12, 1913.</p><br>
<p>Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan delivered the keynote address to four hundred of the most distinguished men of the South, gathered for the opening banquet. He had no idea of how true his words would become when he proclaimed that The Grove Park Inn “was built for the ages.” The hotel was outfitted with furnishings from the Roycrofters of East Aurora, New York, one of the most important designers and manufacturers of Arts and Crafts furniture, metal work and other accessories. The hotel was built of rough granite stones and the expansive lobby is noted for its enormous granite fireplaces and expansive porch with its scenic overlook. It was advertised as having "walls five feet thick of granite boulders". Four-hundred men worked 10-hour shifts six days a week. With the work of mules, wagons and ropes, and a lone steam shovel, granite boulders, some weighing as much as 10,000 pounds, were hauled from Sunset Mountain to build the hotel. Seely kept his promise to be open for business in less than one year from the ground breaking.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the Inn was used first as an internment center for Axis diplomats. The diplomats and their staff were allowed guarded trips to town, where they would purchase goods from the local merchants. This was a boon to the strapped local economy. The Inn was then used by the Navy as a rest and rehabilitation center for returning sailors. In 1944–45, the hotel was an Army Redistribution Station where soldiers rested and relaxed before being assigned to other duties. The Philippine Government functioned in exile from the Presidential Cottage on the grounds during the war.</p><br>
<p>The Grove Park Inn became part of Sammons Enterprises in 1955. The resort has been expanded over the years under the direction of the owners Mr. and Mrs. Sammons and continues to be a popular tourist attraction. Mrs. Sammons would bring her dog in under cover in a baby carriage. Mrs. Sammons died in 2008. KSL Resorts acquired The Grove Park Inn in 2012 for 120 million dollars. They sold it to Omni Hotels in 2013, and it was renamed The Omni Grove Park Inn.</p><br>
<h2>Grove Park and Biltmore Relationship</h2><br>
<p>In 1917, just four years after the completion of the construction of the Grove Park Inn, Fred Seely purchased Biltmore Estate Industries from Edith Vanderbilt, wife of George Washington Vanderbilt II, the owner of the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina. This new venture came in addition to his responsibilities as the manager of the Grove Park Inn. E.W. Grove, his father-in-law and owner of the Grove Park Inn had refused to sell the hotel to Seely though he had eagerly allowed him to construct the building. He instead leased the hotel to Seely to manage and Seely managed the hotel until 1927, the year of Grove&#39;s death and the year Seely lost his legal bid to own the hotel. Grove left his hotel to his wife and son and daughter. Though Seely was married to his daughter, Grove made no concessions to Seely and the Inn passed into the hands of what one advertisement described as "more liberal management." An interesting annotation by Seely scribbled next to the advertisement found in his files takes issue with that characterization.</p><br>
<h2>Presidential visits</h2><br>
<p>Ten presidents have stayed at the hotel: Calvin Coolidge, Woodrow Wilson, William Howard Taft, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover, Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama.</p><br>
<p>William Howard Taft – 27th President of the United States</p><br>
<p>Woodrow Wilson – 28th President of the United States</p><br>
<p>Calvin Coolidge – 30th President of the United States</p><br>
<p>Herbert Hoover – 31st President of the United States</p><br>
<p>Franklin D. Roosevelt – 32nd President of the United States</p><br>
<p>Dwight D. Eisenhower – 34th President of the United States</p><br>
<p>Richard M. Nixon – 37th President of the United States</p><br>
<p>George H. W. Bush – 41st President of the United States</p><br>
<p>William J. Clinton – 42nd President of the United States</p><br>
<p>Barack H. Obama – 44th President of the United States</p><br>
<h2>Supreme Court and Grove Park Inn</h2><br>
<p>According to a 2013 article in the Wall Street Journal, the USA Supreme Court planned to relocate to the Grove Park Inn in the event of a nuclear attack.</p><br>
<h2>Famous guests</h2><br>
<p>The hotel has hosted numerous celebrities over the years including William Jennings Bryan (who spoke at the hotel&#39;s opening), Thomas Edison in 1918, Henry Ford in 1918, Harvey Firestone, Elbert Hubbard, Helen Keller, Woodrow Wilson, John D. Rockefeller, Gen. John J. Pershing, Dean Smith (UNC basketball coach), Roy Williams (current UNC basketball coach), Michael Jordan (who played for UNC), Daniel Day-Lewis in 1991 while filming Last of the Mohicans, Sir Anthony Hopkins, Dan Aykroyd, Jeff Daniels, Jerry Seinfeld, John Waters, David and Amy Sedaris, Mischa Barton in 2006, Mike Huckabee, former NC Governor Bev Perdue, Sanjay Gupta, Chris Daughtry from the Greensboro area, John Denver, Trey Anastasio, Dave Brubeck, Preservation Hall Jazz Band, Charles Schwab, William Howard Taft, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover, Dwight Eisenhower, Enrico Caruso, Harry Houdini, David Copperfield, Al Jolson, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Carl Sandburg (whose home was in nearby Flat Rock, NC) in 1951, Margaret Mitchell, Bobby Jones, Jack Nicklaus in 1975, Wiley Post, Will Rogers, Bill Tilden, Billy Graham (whose home is in nearby Montreat, NC) in 2000, Barack Obama in 2010, William Shatner, Vijay Kansupada, Raziel Reid, Justin Robbins, Kyle and Brooke Bradley and many others.</p><br>
<p>F. Scott Fitzgerald stayed at the hotel for two years to write while his wife Zelda was in an insane asylum in Asheville. The rooms in which he stayed, 441 and 443, are available for guests. One is furnished exactly as it was during his stay in the 1930s. Rooms in which famous people stayed are marked by plaques on the door saying who stayed there and when.</p><br>
<p>On February 3, 1930, William Howard Taft resigned from the USA Supreme Court in the Great Hall lobby.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, gospel artist Bill Gaither recorded "Mountain Homecoming" in his series of Gaither Homecoming videos and CDs in the Great Hall lobby, including artists Gloria Gaither, Mark Lowry, Larry Gatlin, the Bishops, Stephen Hill, Joy Gardner, and Ben Isaacs.</p><br>
<h2>Literary references</h2><br>
<p>In Lee Smith&#39;s Guests on Earth: A Novel, the central character often makes references the Omni Grove Inn as the novel takes place in Asheville, North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>In Cormac McCarthy&#39;s 1979 novel Suttree, the title character and his girlfriend spend four days at the inn, staying in what McCarthy described as "a cool room high in the old rough pile of rocks."</p><br>
<p>Tureia  is an atoll in the Tuamotu Archipelago in French Polynesia.</p><br>
<p>Tureia atoll is 15 km long and has a maximum width of 8 km; its total land area is 8 square kilometers. A very long island covers completely its eastern reef. The lagoon has no navigable entrance.</p><br>
<p>The village of Hakamaru (or Fakamaru) is the only settlement on Tureia, at the northern tip of the atoll. Almost all of the arable land on Tureia is dedicated to growing coconuts. The population in this atoll has risen to almost 250; in 1977 there were only 121 inhabitants.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first recorded European to arrive at Tureia was Captain Edward Edwards in 1791, during his search for the Bounty mutineers. Edwards called the atoll "Carysfort", after John Proby, 1st Earl of Carysfort.</p><br>
<p>From 1966 to 1999, Tureia hosted an outpost of the Centre d&#39;Expérimentation du Pacifique, the French authority supervising nuclear tests on the nearby atolls of Moruroa and Fangataufa, which lie about 115 km south of Tureia. There was also a weather station on Tureia during those years. Currently, both installations have been abandoned.</p><br>
<p>This atoll has a 900 m-long airstrip. Tureia Airport was inaugurated in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>Administratively Tureia Atoll is the capital of the commune of Tureia, which includes the atolls of Fangataufa, Moruroa, Tematangi and Vanavana.</p><br>
<p>The Peekskill Freight Depot, sometimes called the Lincoln Depot, is located at 41 South Water Street in Peekskill, New York. It is a brick building erected in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Abraham Lincoln gave a speech at this site during his train ride to Washington after being elected, his only public appearance in Westchester County. No longer in use as a depot, the building is the only intact freight-only station building along the route of the former Hudson River Railroad. In 2004, the station was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and in 2014 it was converted into the Lincoln Depot Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The depot building is closer to the tracks and their chainlink fencing than it is to Water Street. Across the tracks is a park which lies along the Hudson River. The neighborhood is primarily commercial, with other old industrial buildings.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story 96 by masonry structure faced in common-bond brick with a shallow-pitched gabled roof. The roof eave extends eight feet (2.2 m) over the elevated platform to shelter handlers while loading and unloading freight. It is supported by brackets and has decorative vergeboards at the north and south gable ends. The brick itself has segmented pilasters between the bays and some corbeling.</p><br>
<p>Before its conversion into a museum, the interior of the building retained much of its original trim, including the cement floor, wainscoting, exposed trusswork ceiling and reed molding and bullseye corner blocks around the doors.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first depot was built of wood around 1850 by the Hudson River Railroad to handle freight shipments into and out of what was then a busy industrial Hudson River city.) Around 1890 the present brick depot was built by the New York Central Railroad; at that time its platform had extensions to the north and south along the tracks. There are some reports of fires in the 1880s and again in 1898; and blistering of the interior paint at roof level gives evidence that there was one.</p><br>
<p>On February 19, 1861, Abraham Lincoln stopped here during his train trip to his inauguration and gave a brief speech at the invitation of local congressman William Nelson, who introduced him. Contemporary newspaper accounts suggest that approximately 1500 people were present, equivalent to about half the population of Peekskill at that time, to hear his brief request for their support in the coming crisis &ndash; four states had already seceded from the Union by then. It was Lincoln&#39;s only recorded appearance in Westchester County.</p><br>
<p>Peekskill has embraced Lincoln&#39;s appearance as a celebrated part of its history. A memorial stone, the Lincoln Exedra, was erected on South Street, overlooking the depot, in 1925. The speech was commemorated at its 50th anniversary in 1911, and again on its centennial in 1961. The latter occasion featured a re-enactment of the speech, with actors dressed as Lincoln and Nelson. The Lincoln Society of Peekskill keeps the memory alive and organizes other activities related to its namesake.</p><br>
<p>The railroad no longer exists, and the building fell vacant as Peekskill&#39;s industrial base declined to the point that freight shipments were no longer made; the line itself is now the Metro-North Hudson commuter line, handling almost exclusively passenger traffic.</p><br>
<h2>Lincoln Depot Museum</h2><br>
<p>In April 2005, then New York State Governor, George Pataki &ndash; the former mayor of Peekskill &ndash; secured the initial funding for the Lincoln Depot Museum to be housed in the freight depot building. Groundbreaking for the project took place on February 9, 2011, by which time the Lincoln Depot Foundation had secured approximately $3 million. The building;s restoration was completed in May 2013, with help from New Yorks Office of Historic Preservation. The museum opened to the public on October 18, 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Oliver Building is located at 159 N. Dearborn Street in Chicago within the Loop. It was built for the Oliver Typewriter Company from 1907-1908 by Holabird & Roche. When two floors were added in 1920, Holabird & Roche were hired for the expansion. The cast iron exterior features typewriter-related motifs. It was declared a Chicago Landmark on May 9, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The windows above the second floor are known as "Chicago windows," and are wide window panes bracketed by narrower double-hung windows. The windows also include the name of the company below the central pane.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, when the Oriental Theatre wanted to expand its backstage area, architect Daniel P. Coffey came up with a design plan that gutted the Oliver while preserving one-third of its original steel structure, as well as the building&#39;s Dearborn facade and a portion of its alley facade.</p><br>
<p>Ruxton Island is one of the six islands in the De Courcy Islands group. It is one of the southern Gulf Islands in British Columbia. It is due south-east of DeCourcy Island, being separated by Ruxton Passage.</p><br>
<p>It is home to approximately seven year round cabins and 110 seasonally occupied cabins.</p><br>
<p>The island is composed primarily of sandstone. At the north end is Ruxton Passage, which separates Ruxton Island and De Courcy Island. At the southern end is Whaleboat Passage which separates Ruxton from Pylades.</p><br>
<p>The island is forested with Douglas fir, balsam fir, red cedar, maple, vine maple, arbutus, shore pine, Garry oak, Red Alder and willow trees.</p><br>
<p>There are approximately 12 km of trails.</p><br>
<p>The few animals that inhabit the island include otters, mink, Douglas squirrels, and mice.</p><br>
<p>The entrance to Herring Bay is marked at the north west corner, and entrance to Herring bay should be made between this marker and the small islet to the east. At low tide, the reef, which dries out at anything except high tide, extends several hundred yards to the south east. The reef continues underwater and is frequently hit by visiting vessels. This islet was recently named "Long Point" in honour of Ted Long, who was resident here for many years.</p><br>
<p>There is a smaller bay located about halfway down the island on the west side, locally known as Nayler Bay, after the Nayler family who sold the island to Frank Ney (former mayor of Nanaimo, B.C.) who in turn developed the island into the current 199 privately owned lots. Typical waterfront properties are roughly 1/2 an acre in size, and the inside lots are roughly 2 acres in size.</p><br>
<p>There is a wetland in the middle of the island which is roughly 10 acres in size. Canada Geese usually nest in this wetland, and many pairs may be seen during their visiting season. Numerous smaller waterfowl inhabit the wetland year round.</p><br>
<p>North Bay and Otter Bay are located at the north and east sides of Ruxton Island respectively.</p><br>
<p>Kiwai Island is the largest island in the Fly River delta, Papua New Guinea. It is 59 km long along the northwest-southeast axis from Wamimuba Point in the northwest to the village of Saguane  in the south, and up to 9 km wide, with an average width of 5.6 km. Its area is 359 km². Neighboring Purutu and Wabuda Islands to the north and northeast are also among the three largest islands in the Fly River delta. A language study mentioned a population of about 4500, but the census of population of 2000 showed only 2092 inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>The island separates the north and south entrances of the Fly River. It is well wooded and only a few feet above water. The chief village, Iasa, is located on the south side of the island. Sumai village is on the same side of the island and 24 km farther northwest. Doropo village is about midway along the north side of the island. At the east end of the island are other small villages, such as Sagasia, Ipisia, Agobara and Oromosapuo.</p><br>
<p>The inhabitants of the Fly River delta engage in agriculture and hunting. Coconut palm, breadfruit, plantain, sago palm, and sugar cane are grown.</p><br>
<p>Administratively, the island is part of Kiwai Rural LLG (Local Level Government area) of South Fly District, Western Province.</p><br>
<p>San Jorge Island is the second largest island in the Isabel Province, Solomon Islands. The island lies at the southern end of Santa Isabel Island and borders Thousand Ships Bay. San Jorge has an area of 184 km² and has less than 1000 inhabitants living in four villages.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded sighting by Europeans was by the Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña on 21 April 1568. More precisely the sighting was due to a local voyage done by a small boat, in the accounts the brigantine Santiago, commanded by Maestre de Campo Pedro Ortega Valencia and having Hernán Gallego as pilot. They were who charted it with its present-day name, San Jorge, and also who named the narrow channel separating San Jorge from Santa Isabel Island as the Ortega channel after the commander of the expedition.</p><br>
<p>Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson  is a 143 m high volcanic cone in the Auckland volcanic field in Auckland, New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>Located in the Remuera suburb, to the east of the Newmarket commercial suburb, it has been extensively modified by human use, first by Māori for use as a pā and later by use as quarry and pasture land before finally having a water reservoir installed in its cone to supply the surrounding area. An additional, partially buried, water reservoir was built on the low southern side of the mountain in 1955. English oaks and pōhutukawa are the most common trees on the hill.</p><br>
<p>Ōhinerau is named after Hinerau, a goddess of whirlwinds. Mount Hobson is named after Captain William Hobson.</p><br>
<p>Remuwera was originally the name of a pa site on the hill that was also utilised for kumara and food gardens. The name Remuwera means the burnt edge of a flax garment.</p><br>
<p>In the 2014 Treaty of Waitangi settlement with the Tamaki Makaurau Collective of 13 Auckland iwi, the volcano was officially named Ōhinerau / Mount Hobson and ownership was vested to the collective. It is now co-governed by the collective and Auckland Council in common benefit of the iwi "and all other people of Auckland".</p><br>
<p>Bucas Grande is an island in the province of Surigao del Norte in the Philippines. The island is contiguous with the municipality of Socorro, Surigao del Norte. Its area is 128 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>Bucas Grande Island is situated on the far eastern part of mainland Surigao del Norte. The lone island municipality of Socorro is the only one of its kind in the entire province of Surigao del Norte. Bucas Grande Island lies within the breadth of the Pacific and is physically located at coordinates 9° 37′ 17″ North, 125° 58′ 0″ East. It has a total land area of 12,445 hectares and currently holds a count of more than 20,000 inhabitants and a voting population of over 13,000. People have settled in 14 barangays of the municipality namely: Barangays Don Albino Taruc, Navarro, Rizal, Del Pilar, Dona Helene, Honrado, Nueva Estrella, Pamosaingan, Salog, San Roque, Sudlon, Santa Cruz, Songkoy and N. Sering.</p><br>
<p>Roxa or Canhabaque is an island in the Bissagos Islands, Guinea-Bissau. Its area is 111 km&sup2; and is 20 km long and 11 km wide. Almost the entire island is made up of mangrove forests. Anagaru , Anchurupi, Bana, Egubane and Porcos are its surrounding islets located nearly 2 km north. Its current population is around 3,000 to 4,000 and may have reached 5,000. Each village consists of a unity of social independence.</p><br>
<h2>About the island</h2><br>
<p>The island consists of 19 smaller villages and are: Anchurupi, Ambeno, Ambiur (Ambiour), Ambuduku (Amboudouco), Ancanho (Ankanio), Angojigen (Angogiguem), Angora, Angumba, Ankagium, Ankatip (Ancatipe), Bane, Bini, Ijoni, Indena, Inorei, Inhoda, Meneque (Meneke) and Nulon. Inorei is the chief village of the island and has its main port.</p><br>
<p>The islet also has its own lighthouse; its class of light is Fl (3) W 15s. and has a focal height of 24 m. Its range is 9 nmi.</p><br>
<p>Pine Glenn Cove is a vacation retreat, also known by various other names, including Hatchs Camp, Forest Hills and St. Anns Retreat. The property is located in Logan Canyon, Utah. Pine Glenn Cove is the largest private retreat in Cache National Forest and Logan Canyon, and the only one with a swimming pool.</p><br>
<p>The vacation compound includes 11 buildings and structures, including two main lodges, six smaller cabins, a playhouse, a pool house and generator house, along with a fireplace, fire pit, fountain, bridge and swimming pool. At one time, it also was home to a small theater with an adjoining ticket booth. Originally there were several other buildings including a horse barn and stable. It was placed on the national Register of Historic Places on December 28, 2006.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was originally developed in the early 1900s by Hezekiah Eastman Hatch, a prominent Logan, Utah businessman who built the first cabin here. Hatchs descendants expanded the retreat during the 1920s and 30s. Two of them — L.Boyd Hatch and Floyd B. Odlum, who was one of the ten wealthiest people in the US. at the time — became self-made millionaires who during the 1930s and &#39;40s managed or controlled numerous businesses including RKO Studios, Greyhound Buslines, Paramount Pictures studios, the Hilton Hotel chain, Madison Square Garden, and various mines, utility companies, and banks. The company, Atlas Corporation, that Odlum/Hatch owned and based in New York City also owned properties such as: the Plaza Hotel, The Sherry Netherland Hotel, and the Bonwitt Teller department store.</p><br>
<p>The Odlums expanded the site and eventually the summer camp became a summer retreat, not only for the Hatches and Odlums, but for numerous friends and family. The Retreat and its owners hosted many famous people from Hollywood movie stars to government leaders and business heads. Guests included those with local ties as well as business associates, socialites, and other elites the Hatches and the Odlums knew through their ties to New York City and Hollywood.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>The 2006 NRHP listing included 11 contributing buildings and six other contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>Lake Elmore is a 219 acre lake located in and named after Elmore, Vermont. The lake is located northwest of Elmore, and it drains into the Lamoille River through Elmore Pond Brook at the northern end.</p><br>
<p>Recently, the lake has had a problem with milfoil, and there are several fundraisers every year to help the Milfoil Foundation, which then uses the money to pay for the milfoil&#39;s extraction.</p><br>
<p>The park had its beginning in 1936 when the town of Elmore and local citizens made a gift of 30 acres on Lake Elmore to the state of Vermont. With modest means, a picnic and beach area were created. Today, with more than 700 acres, Elmore State Park has become a popular, developed recreation facility.</p><br>
<p>According to the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks, and Recreation, the town calls itself "The Beauty Spot of Vermont."</p><br>
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<p>Horsburgh Island  is one of the Cocos  Islands. Its area is 1.04 km&sup2;. There is a small lagoon in the interior of the island to the northeast.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Clunies-Ross Family kept deer on the island for hunting. In 1941, during World War II, gun emplacements were installed on the southern point of the island and manned by Ceylonese troops. The Cocos Islands Mutiny began on this island. The Ceylon Garrison Artillery on Horsburgh Island mutinied on the night of 8/9 May 1942, intending to hand the islands over to the Japanese.</p><br>
<p>This island is named after James Horsburgh, hydrographer to the East India Company and author of the long-titled "Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, and the interjacent Ports, compiled chiefly from original Journals and Observations made during 21 years&#39; experience in navigating those Seas". Horsburgh&#39;s Directory was the standard work for oriental navigation in the first half of the 19th century, until Robert Moresby&#39;s survey of the Archipelagoes of the Central Indian Ocean when for the first time in history accurate maps of atolls like Keeling or Cocos were published.</p><br>
<p>The Bradshaw Mountains  are a mountain range in central Arizona, United States, named for brothers Isaac and William D. Bradshaw after their deaths, having been formerly known in English as the Silver Mountain Range.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first known settlements in the Bradshaws were a group of Yavapai people, called the Kwevkapaya who built forts and mined copper from around AD 1100 to 1600. Apaches occupied the area around 1800 as a means of keeping White settlers out. But by 1863, a party led by William Bradshaw was in the area, followed by the Walker party. In 1864, a group of five white settlers was attacked by Apaches at what is now called Battle Flat. One of the settlers went for help, but upon his return found the Apaches had left.</p><br>
<p>The Walker party found gold, and within a few years, the Bradshaws were filling up with settlers mining for gold, silver, and copper. In the early part of the 20th century, most of the towns that had sprung up were little more than ghost towns.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Located approximately 5 miles (8 km) south of Prescott, Arizona, between the Agua Fria River on the east, and the Hassayampa River on the west, the range is 40 miles (64 km) long, and almost 25 miles (40 km) wide.</p><br>
<h3>Peaks</h3><br>
<p>Mount Union, named during the Civil War, is the highest, at 7,979 ft.</p><br>
<p>Mount Davis – second highest at 7,897 ft, named for Jefferson Davis.</p><br>
<p>Spruce Mountain – 7,696 ft, misnamed for Douglas firs mistaken for Spruces.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tritle – 7,793 ft, named for Frederick Augustus Tritle Governor of Arizona Territory (1882–1885).</p><br>
<p>Towers Mountain – 7,628 ft.</p><br>
<p>Maverick Mountain – 7,443 ft.</p><br>
<p>Mount Wasson – 4,687 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Bradshaw Mountains consist primarily of Precambrian granite, gneiss and schist.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The biotic community of the Bradshaws ranges from interior chaparral and montane conifer forest, to plains and desert grassland, and Sonoran desert scrub. Many species of trees are found in the Bradshaws, including Piñon, Alligator Juniper, Ponderosa pine, Blue Spruce, Quaking Aspen, White fir, and Douglas fir. As well, much wildlife is present, including javelina, mountain lion, bobcat, black bear, mule deer, porcupine, fox, skunk, rock squirrel, wild turkey, many species of reptiles and amphibians, and many species of birds.</p><br>
<p>Several creeks have been dammed to form reservoirs, including Lynx Lake, Goldwater Lake, Lake Marapai, Hassayampa Lake, Horsethief Lake, and Cedar Tank.</p><br>
<h2>Human use</h2><br>
<p>Gold was first discovered in the Bradshaws in 1863, over $2,000,000 worth being taken from just the Crown King Mine. Copper and silver were also mined in the early part of the 20th century.</p><br>
<h3>Ghost towns and other settlements</h3><br>
<p>There are over 40 ghost towns in the Bradshaw Mountains, including Crown King, Bumble Bee, Goodwin, Bradshaw City, Alexandra and Cleator.</p><br>
<h2>Protected areas</h2><br>
<p>Much of the Bradshaw Mountains are on Prescott National Forest land. Other parks include Horsethief Basin Recreational Area, Lynx Lake Recreational Area, and the Castle Creek Wilderness.</p><br>
<p>Tara Hill  is an isolated hill near the Irish Sea coast in north County Wexford, Ireland. Though only 253 m high, it dominates the landscape of northeast Wexford. It provides extensive views of the Wexford coast line, from Courtown harbour to Castletown.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The hill is located in the heart of Tara Hill village. Tara Hill has many facilities including a church, a primary school (St Kevins) and a local shop (Siopa linn) before closing down. The local GAA club (Castletown Liam Mellows) is located just meters down the road on the Castletown, Tara Hill border.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Due to its height relative to the surrounding landscape this hill qualifies as a Marilyn. It should not be confused with the much better known but much less prominent Royal Hill of Tara in County Meath, which is only 159m high.</p><br>
<p>The summit is marked by a cairn from where one can see nearby Gorey, Courtown and other villages and town-lands and views of the North Wexford coast.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Saint Caemhan or Kevin or Cavan, as the name is variously spelt is the Patron Saint of Tara Hill and the site of the old church founded by him is situated at Kilcavan at the north side of the hill under a cliff by the road.</p><br>
<p>The London Purchase Farm, also known as the John Chapman House, is located on Eagle Road in Upper Makefield Township, Pennsylvania. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 24, 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A portion of the stone structure dates to circa 1735, however, the land was purchased by the London Land Company prior to 1718, thus the name London Purchase. At some point between 1718 and 1733 John Chapman purchased the land. This is known from a tax list of 1733 upon which his name appeared. In 1736, his name appears on a road survey. After his death in 1743, the property was willed to his son of the same name. During the American Revolution, the property served as headquarters for General Henry Knox and Captain Alexander Hamilton. In 1781, the estate was cited on an Upper Makefield map as being about 265 acre on "Road Over Great Hill". The second John Chapman was a doctor as well as a farmer. Little is known about what occurred there during the nineteenth century.</p><br>
<p>From the 1930s to the 1950s the house was owned by Henry and Paula Chapin, and operated as a farm with the help of their children, Charlotte, Anthony and Penney.</p><br>
<p>In the summer of 1948, the owners rented the house to the Percival family. In 1957, the Nelson and Nondas Case bought the house and maintained ownership for three or four years. Mr. Henry Welling and</p><br>
<p>Mr. & Mrs. John H. Welling owned the property and resided here from 1962 thru 1968. The James J. O&#39;Brien family lived there in 1971. In the 1980s, the Norman Flojo family owned the estate and continued to do so into the early 1990s. Since then the house has been sold twice. The current owners built or are building an addition onto the house. The property includes the main house, a barn, a carriage house, and a pond.</p><br>
<p>The O&#39;Brien family owned the estate from August 1969 to October 1973. During this time the estate was situated on 10 acre of land plus an additional 74 acre of surrounding property on which local farms planted soy bean and corn crops. It was during this period that the estate was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Hokitika River is in the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It is about 64 km long, beginning in the Southern Alps, emerging from the narrow Hokitika Gorge after merging with the Whitcombe River, and flowing into the Tasman Sea just south of the town of Hokitika.</p><br>
<p>The Hokitika River, and its eastern tributary, the Kokatahi River, have formed the Kowhitirangi-Kokatahi alluvial plain; a fertile and productive land extensively used for dairy farming.</p><br>
<p>The entrance to the Hokitika River was once used as a harbour during the West Coast&#39;s gold rush; however, the sand bar at the river mouth created a treacherous and often fatal obstacle - resulting in many shipwrecks. After the gold-rush subsided, the use of the river as a harbour declined and is now no longer used.</p><br>
<p>The Sinks of Gandy — also called the Sinks of Gandy Creek, or simply “The Sinks” — are a modestly celebrated cave and underground stream at Osceola in eastern Randolph County, West Virginia, USA. The Sinks are on private property within the Potomac Ranger District of the Monongahela National Forest.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Sinks are a natural tunnel accommodating Gandy Creek, a tributary of Dry Fork, for about 3,000 feet (915 meters) as it passes under a spur of Yokum Knob to reemerge on the opposite side of Randolph County Route 40 (Dry Fork Road). The southern (upstream) entrance to the Sinks, about 30 ft wide and 15 ft high, is in a low ledge of limestone in a large depressed meadow. It consists of a simple longitudinal passage, from 4 to 35 ft high, with a few minor side passages, not much apparent from the main passage. The main cave passage averages 40 to 60 ft wide, but in some places up to 100 ft wide. In some sections the stream occupies the entire floor of the passage, but in other sections it is confined to a narrow trench. The northern (downstream) entrance is offset about 100 ft to the east of the stream channel, which exits under some boulders, making a second (wet) avenue of egress.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Gandy Creek — and thus the Sinks themselves — were named for Uriah Gandy (or Gandee) who settled in the area around 1781. Local settlers were certainly well aware of the Sinks by the 1830s. The earliest recorded reference to the Sinks may be a November 1833 letter sent by Randolph County physician Benjamin Dolbeare to the Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society in Richmond. Dolbeare described several local caves including one as follows (with original spellings).</p><br>
<p>"Between, what is here called, the Aleghany and Rich Mountains, heads a branch of the dry fork a tributary of Cheat River, a ridge extends itself quiet across, from one mountain to the other, and this branc, after keeping its course about 3 miles runs under this ridge which about ¾ of mile wide at its base, and very high."</p><br>
<p>The Sinks were noted locally as the site of the last known killings of elk by hunters in what is now Randolph County, probably about 1830 and 1835. (The last elk killed in all of West Virginia were shot around 1843 in nearby Canaan Valley.)</p><br>
<p>In March 1864, a minor incident of the Civil War occurred at the Sinks. Eight men of General Imboden’s Confederate command, who had been waylaying wagon trains in the north, crossed into neighboring Tucker County where they robbed a general store about 3 miles from the town of Saint George. They were pursued by a Union captain and lieutenant who closed on them the next day at the Sinks. Three rebels were killed in the ensuing shootout, two captured and the stolen property recovered.</p><br>
<p>The Sinks first came to widespread public notice by way of a tongue-in-cheek account of a pleasure expedition to the region published by David Hunter Strother in Harper’s Magazine in 1872 and 1873, although the visit upon which it is based probably occurred around 1854. This story, entitled "The Mountains", details the high jinx of a group of lively “Virginia gentlemen” who bumble through the then-virgin forest, annoying the sullen local “mountaineers”, in search of the “tunnel of Gandy”. This semi-fictionalized narrative treated the locals in rather xenophobic terms and recounted a lurid tale of cattle rustling, abduction and desperate escape in the cave and the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>The Sinks again became the object of a popularization effort when West Virginia writer Jack Preble published a series of articles and booklets about them between the 1940s and the 1960s. Preble’s anecdotal and romanticizing approach was little more reliable than Strother’s at giving an accurate account of the cave. It was also during this period that the West Virginia Highway Department began, with an eye toward the tourist potential, to replace the designation of “Osceola” with that of “The Sinks” on its official roadmaps.</p><br>
<p>The Sinks were first formally surveyed and mapped by members of the National Speleological Society on 1 September 1940 resulting in a figure of 3,056 ft of passage. The cave was resurveyed in 1990 resulting in 5,058 additional feet for a total of 8,114 ft of passage. This makes the Sinks the 669th longest surveyed cave in the USA as of 10 March 2014</p><br>
<h2>Amateur appeal</h2><br>
<p>Both entrances to the Sinks are located on private land. The upstream entrance is owned by the Teter family and the downstream exit is owned by the Tingler family. (This same Teter family owned this land way back in 1854 when David Hunter Strother visited.) The location of the cave is not identified by any signage in the area.</p><br>
<p>The cave is relatively forgiving to inexperienced visitors. Because of its straightforward layout, most visitors can traverse it safely with simple household flashlights. A combination of scrambling and wading are required to pass some stretches, however, and many a visitor cannot locate the dry, downstream entrance (about 200 ft back and to the right from the wet stream exit) and is therefore compelled to return the way he came in.</p><br>
<p>Granville Notch, or Granville Gulf, is a notch, or mountain pass, located in Granville, Vermont.</p><br>
<p>North of the height of land, the notch is the source of the Mad River, which drains into the Winooski River, and into Lake Champlain.</p><br>
<p>Lake Champlain drains into the Richelieu River in Quebec, thence into the Saint Lawrence River, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>To the south, the notch is drained by Alder Meadow Brook, a tributary of the White River, which drains into the Connecticut River, and into Long Island Sound in Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The land within the notch is in Granville Gulf Reservation (1,171 acres), which extends about 7 mi along the streams, from the border of Addison County with Washington County south to about a mile north of the town of Granville.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Moss Glen Falls, where Deer Hollow Brook enters Alden Meadow Brook.</p><br>
<p>The Lampert-Wildflower House is a home in the USA city of Belvidere, Boone County, Illinois. The main, upright, portion of the house was constructed in 1838 and the wing section was added to the home during the 1860s. It passed through the hands of several owners until it was purchased by Phillip C. Lampert who is responsible for the wildflower covered lawn. The property contains five types of rare plants and is semi-wooded, shaded by 32 trees. The home is a distinct example of Upright and Wing construction, though it retains some elements of the Greek Revival style it was originally designed in. The wing section of the house features a front porch decorated with Gothic Revival and Queen Anne style elements. The house was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original trio of property owners of the Lampert-Wildflower House site were, according to records, Aaron Whitney, Daniel H. Whitney and Dan Caswell. Seth S. Whitman, originally from Vermont, purchased the property in 1838 and constructed the house where he stayed until 1844. Whitman played an early, active role in the Belvidere community. He became the communitys first resident pastor when he was named Reverend of Belvideres first church, organized on July 24, 1836. He was also the first teacher at the citys first school in 1838, Newton Academy, located a few blocks from the Lampert-Wildflower House. By 1840, Whitman was named Belvideres first postmaster as well as Boone County&#39;s first circuit clerk and recorder. In October 1846, Whitman stepped down as Reverend at the local church because of ill-health. He left the Belvidere area in June 1851 for the Baptist Church in Madison, Wisconsin; Whitman died there on January 2, 1852.</p><br>
<p>From the years 1844 until 1853 the house was owned by several different individuals, including a Colonel Joel E. Walker. In 1853 the house was bought by Ezra May. May stayed in the home until 1886 and it was during his ownership that the house underwent the first of two significant alterations. During the 1860s May added the balloon framed wing section of the home; this section of the house rests upon a brick foundation. May was another prominent Belvidere citizen. May held office as "School Director," and "Town Trustee," and later owned a flour mill and served as president of a local bank. After 1886 the house was owned by a local educator, about whom little is known today, John Christian Zinzer. Zinzer owned the Lampert-Wildflower House until he sold it to a friend from Forreston, Illinois, Phillip C. Lampert on September 11, 1891.</p><br>
<p>During the Lamperts ownership of the house the Queen Anne detailing was added to the wing section of the house, probably before Phillip Lamperts 1899 death. Lampert was born in Forreston but had moved to Belvidere by 1866. In 1875 Lampert began to teach school in and by 1883 he had been admitted to the Illinois bar. In 1889, after working in a law office in Chicago for a year, Lampert returned to Belvidere to open his own law and abstract office. On April 15, 1891 he married Clara Pape in Madison, Wisconsin. The couple purchased the Lampert-Wildflower House about five months later. Clara Lampert (née Pape) was born and educated in Forreston and graduated high school in 1887, for a short time after that she taught school in Ogle County, Illinois. She began working in Lamperts abstract office in Belvidere a short time after teaching, the law office opened in 1889. After Phillip Lampert died on December 5, 1899 Clara and her daughter Muriel (born March 28, 1892) were left poor. Clara continued her husband&#39;s abstract business and on February 2, 1900 she was appointed Deputy Clerk of Boone County, Muriel joined her in that office in 1912.</p><br>
<p>The Lampert-Wildflower House remained in the Lampert family until long after Phillip Lamperts death. Clara Lampert died in 1962 and her daughter Muriel died in 1972. Muriel Lampert left the house to local historians Bessie and Emmett Sullivan; the house stood empty until Bessie Sullivans death in 1986. In 1986 two men from Grand Prairie, Illinois bought the house and ended up selling it in 1988 to Sherry and Gary Knott-Simon, who set about restoring the home while maintaining its historic character and integrity. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its local and architectural significance as a typical example of Upright and Wing style on August 12, 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The home is a detailed example of Upright and Wing construction, which is a type of non-stylistic, vernacular architecture. The Lampert-Wildflower House began as a front gabled, Greek Revival style home. In the 1860s, with the addition of the wing section the home was transformed from the Greek Revival style that was popular when it was originally constructed to the Upright and Wing style, though it still displays some Greek Revival elements including the cornice lines on its front gable. The wing section stretches out from the upright, gabled section of the home and is a two-room, one and half story extension to the original home. The porch which adorns the south elevation of the wing is features Carpenter Gothic detailing.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>The USA National Register of Historic Places listing for the Lampert-Wildflower House included the surrounding yard, which maintains its historical integrity. The Lamperts, as naturalists, kept the lawn as a haven for birds and wildflowers. Today, the yard maintains its historic appearance; the front and back yards are planted with wildflowers instead of grass and the whole site is semi-wooded. Most of the 32 trees on the less than 1 acre site are black walnut and maple. Several endangered plant species are found in the yard as well as prairie and woodland plants of other types.</p><br>
<p>According to Jerry Paulson, with the Natural Land Institute in Rockford, Illinois, there are five kinds of "rare" plants found in the Wildflower House yard. They are: Canadian violet, ginseng, prairie smoke, bellwort, and yellow violet. Other, common, types of plants found in the yard include, wild grape, purple coneflower, ginger, scilla, ferns, and jack-in-the-pulpit. In total, 36 different types of plants (not including the trees) have been identified on the Lampert-Wildflower lawn.</p><br>
<p>Barton Hall, also known as the Cunningham Plantation, is an antebellum plantation house built for Armstead Barton in the 1840s near present-day Cherokee, Alabama. The home is located south of US 72 and east of the Natchez Trace Parkway, in the former town of Buzzard Roost.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The National Park Service describes the home as an unusually sophisticated Greek Revival-style plantation house with small Doric entrance and limestone-paved rear courtyard. The interior contains a stairway that ascends in a series of double flights and bridge-like landings to an observatory on the rooftop that offers views of the plantation.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark</h2><br>
<p>The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<p>In November 2008, the famous photographer Charles Moore captured his final documented images on this property.</p><br>
<p>Because the home has remained a private residence since being declared a National Historic Landmark, it is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Briare Aqueduct carries the Canal latéral à la Loire over the River Loire on its journey to the River Seine in France. It replaced a river-level crossing from the canal to meet the Briare Canal that was hazardous in times of flood. Between 1896 and 2003 it was the longest navigable aqueduct in the World until the opening of the Magdeburg Water Bridge.</p><br>
<p>It is part of the Canal latéral à la Loire, not, as is commonly believed, the Briare Canal.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The aqueduct is built on fourteen piers. These piers support a single steel beam in turn supporting a steel channel which contains more than 13,000 tonnes of water, 2.2 meters deep and 6 metres wide allowing boats with a 1.8m draught to cross. The width of the aqueduct, towpaths included, is 11.5 meters and its length is 662.7 meters. There is a line of standard lamps on each side of aqueduct. Each end is marked by two ornamental columns in imitation of the Pont Alexandre III in Paris. Eight sluices make it possible to empty the aqueduct in the event of severe freezing.</p><br>
<p>Mitchell Lake is a small lake in the southern part of San Antonio that encompasses approximately 600 acre within its city limits, in southern Bexar County. It was used as a waste management center for the city but has since fallen under San Antonio Water System control. A redevelopment effort has started on the lake with the openings of golf courses and parks. These efforts aim to change the perceptions of people in the South Texas area who associate the lake with uncleanliness. The lake is beloved by birdwatchers who enjoy the sights of many species of bird that live on or around the lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lake was first utilized by the Spanish in the early 18th century to supply the large abundance of cattle with water. They called it the "Lake of the Ducks" because of the bounty of ducks that dwelled near the waters. The Mitchell family of San Antonio owned the lake in the 19th century and used it for fowl hunting. The city purchased the lake in 1901 for waste management and as early as the 1970s, efforts began to protect the lake and its rare birds.</p><br>
<p>The Florence Institute for Boys known colloquially as The Florrie is a local landmark and a Grade II listed building on Mill Street in Dingle, South Liverpool, England.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Probably designed by H W Keef, it was built in 1889 by Sir Bernard Hall, a West Indies merchant, Alderman and former Mayor of Liverpool. His daughter Florence died while in Paris at the age of 22 and he built this boys&#39; club as a memorial and tribute to her at his sole expense.</p><br>
<p>The building itself was a fine example of late Victorian architecture with delicate use of terracotta, and originally it had splendid interiors, from the great hall to the top lit gym to the library.</p><br>
<p>The Florence Institute was officially opened as a boys club in 1890, four years after the opening of a similar establishment, the Gordon Working Lads Institute in Kirkdale on the other side of the city. However it was the first building in Britain to be specifically constructed as a boys&#39; youth club.</p><br>
<p>As a magistrate Bernard Hall knew all too well the product of poverty and lack of recreation for youth in the area, and as stated by the plaque on the building, he created what he hoped would be an acceptable place of recreation and instruction for the poor and working boys of this district of the City.</p><br>
<p>For a hundred years the Florrie served the working and unemployed youth of the tough dock-side area. Weekend camps were held at Heswall on the Wirral Peninsula, reached by 6d ferry and bus return ticket. Summer camps were held in the Lake District away from the smoke, grime and pestilence of the inner city. A variety of sports and outdoor pursuits were provided for the community, including football, boxing and baseball to name a few. Gymnastics also was a part of the activities available for the local community. On the weekends dances were provided.</p><br>
<p>Towards the end of the 1980s, at the depths of the economic slump for Liverpool the funding dried up for the Institute and in 1987 it was sold and its management, The Florence Institute Incorporated Company, was dissolved in 1988 with the intention that the charitable work should be continued by another body. Unfortunately this never happened and through the Bona Vacantia principle title to the building eventually fell to the Duchy of Lancaster, which is the private property portfolio of the British monarch.</p><br>
<p>The building fell into disrepair and suffered from vandalism and the natural elements. This was compounded when in 1999 there was a major fire which destroyed the roof.</p><br>
<h2>Campaigning and regeneration</h2><br>
<p>As time went on the local community formed a pressure group, The Friends of the Florrie to work with all the agencies and stakeholders to restore the splendour of the Florrie and provide a multi-ethnic community centre for all ages and abilities.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 the plight of the Florrie was featured as a part of the Stop the Rot campaign run by the largest circulation newspaper in Liverpool, the Liverpool Echo, this raised the profile of the derelict state of the building widely.</p><br>
<p>The Florence Institute Trust Ltd is a community-led trust set up at the end of 2004 and chaired by the Bishop of Liverpool, Rev. James Jones. The trust applied for and received charitable status and also completed a community consultation on the future of the Florrie and successfully applied for a preliminary grant to create a regeneration plan and produce bids for more substantial funding for the repair and restoration of the building.</p><br>
<p>In September 2006 campaigners applied for the Grade II listed status of the building to be upgraded to Grade II* which would signify that the building is of exceptional historical interest. Also that month the Heritage Lottery Fund agreed to a £3.9 million pound grant to help regenerate the institute. The plan is for the building to house a 300-seater auditorium, gym, café, crèche, social enterprises, library and heritage resource centre, and for the observatory to be restored.</p><br>
<p>On a visit to Liverpool at the end of April 2007, Prince Charles who has been a noted proponent of urban regeneration was amazed to discover that the institute belonged to his mother, the Queen when he enquired as to its ownership. The Prince&#39;s Regeneration Trust is now going to be in contact with the Florrie campaigners and the Prince promised to help however he could.</p><br>
<p>In January 2010 the Liverpool Echo reported</p><br>
<p>that the Heritage Lottery Fund had confirmed funding of 3.7 million pounds towards the projected restoration costs of 6.6 million pounds.</p><br>
<p>An application was also made to the Northwest Regional Development Agency for £1.7m from the European Regional Development Fund</p><br>
<p>Colin Taylor, of the Florence Institute Trust stated "We’re currently shortlisting for contractors who have experience of the restoration of heritage and community buildings and who want to work with the trust to ensure the local community are involved in the construction phase of the project. We estimate it will take 15 months."</p><br>
<p>Local residents of the Dingle reacted angrily to the news that out of town contractors were used to rebuild the building after the trust promised residents that local contractors would be used. Many locals are also infuriated that many of the facilities for the youth of the local area have been scrapped as well as the high prices for use of the function rooms. Much of the funding that the trust were awarded may not have been awarded had they known that the local people would be "priced out" of using the facilities.</p><br>
<p>In January 2012, the restored building finally re-emerges from the scaffolding and boarding that has hidden the work since it started.</p><br>
<h2>Reopening</h2><br>
<p>The Prince of Wales officially re-opened the institute building when he visited Liverpool on Monday, 21 January 2013</p><br>
<h2>Awards</h2><br>
<p>The newly renovated Florence Institute has been shortlisted for two prestigious awards in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Award, and also the 2013 Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) Building Conservation Award.</p><br>
<p>The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) regional awards will be presented on 12 June 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) awards for the North West will be announced on 9 May 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Western Hills refers to the hills and mountains in the western part of Beijing.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Being an extension of the Taihang mountain range from Hebei Province, the Western Hills cover about 17% of Beijing municipality including most of Mentougou and Fangshan Districts as well as parts of Changping, Haidian, and Shijingshan. The Western Hills range in elevation from 100 m to over 1900 m above sea level and are visible from the city on clear days. A mix of deciduous and coniferous forests and highland meadows cover much of the Western Hills. Mountain streams feed into the Yongding and Juma Rivers, which flow through the Western Hills to irrigate the plains of Beijing. Coal is mined in Fangshan and Mentougou Districts. The Western Hills are rich with natural and historical points of interest. They are known for cliffs, caves, river gorges, and hot springs, as well as temples, historic homes, secluded retreats and ancient ruins.</p><br>
<p>An area renowned for its scenery (it is sometimes also known as the Western Hills Scenic Area), the Western Hills have long been a retreat for Chinese scholars, religious men, and members of the government and civil service. Nearest to Beijing&#39;s Haidian District is the Fragrant Hills Park, most famous for its fall colors. Nearby is the Beijing Botanical Garden and Temple of Azure Clouds. The Wofo Temple, best known for its giant reclining Buddha statue, is located on the grounds of the botanical gardens. To the northwest of the Fragrant Hills Park are Jiufeng (Vulture Peak) Forest Park (鹫峰森林公园), Dajue Temple, and Fenghuanling (Phoenix Ridge) Scenic Area.</p><br>
<p>South of the Fragrant Hills Park is Badachu (八大处; literally "eight great sites") in Shijingshan District, which is known and named for eight Buddhist temples and monasteries. The Western Hills of Shijinghan are also home to the Laoshan Mountain Bike Course, where the mountain biking competition of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games were held.</p><br>
<p>Fossils of the Peking Man were discovered in the caves of Dragon Bone Hill near Zhoukoudian in Fangshan District.</p><br>
<p>The Western Hills also houses an underground command center of the Chinese military, a secret bunker-like underground facility built with the assistance of the USSR in the 1950s, and now serves a purpose similar to the United States Military&#39;s Pentagon.</p><br>
<p>The Beijing Subway extends all the way to the Western Hills, though the last two stops are only used by the military, and are not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Mao Zedong lived in the Western Hills briefly, and the Politburo of the Communist Party of China retreated there briefly in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Western Hills Group</h2><br>
<p>The Kuomintang also had a secret group named Western Hills, which was set up in 1925 when Sun Yat-sens coffin was kept there; the groups members, who were Buddhist, believed that the presence of Sun Yat-sen&#39;s body could bless them.</p><br>
<p>The group had a political goal of ousting the Communist Left, headed by Mikhail Borodin, from KMT.</p><br>
<p>Chalan Beel  is a wetland in Bangladesh. It is a large inland depression, marshy in character, with rich flora and fauna. Forty-seven rivers and other waterways flow into the Chalan Beel. As silt builds up in the beel, its size is being reduced.</p><br>
<h2>Location and extent</h2><br>
<p>Chalan Beel is an extensive lowland area in the lower Atrai basin, and spreads across Singra and Gurudaspur upazilas on Natore District, Chatmohar, Bhangura and Faridpur upazilas of Pabna District, and Ullahpara, Raiganj and Tarash upazilas of Sirajganj District. It consists of a series of beels connected to one another by various channels to form a continuous water body during the rainy season. Although the beel area expands into a vast water body with dense aquatic vegetation as long as the Jamuna remains flooded during the monsoon months, it dries out in the winter months, leaving only patches of water in the central parts of this zone.</p><br>
<p>Chalan Beel is fast silting up. In the past it covered an area of about 1,085 km² but was reduced to 368 km² in 1909, of which only 85 km² remained underwater throughout the year. It has since shrunk to only 26 km².</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The most important factor dominating the river history in Bengal is the large proportion of silt carried by its rivers. It is the silt which has created the land and made it habitable by building it up through the centuries. It is silt which is fertilising the land, but the silt, which has been the most beneficial gift of nature, has also produced most of the river problems now confronting the people of Bengal. Silt deposited in the old river channel beds has forced them to change course, creating problems for abandoned areas while assisting in developing new areas.</p><br>
<p>The main volume of water from the Ganges River began flowing through the Padma channel in the sixteenth century. Silt from the Padma helped in building up the southern portion of north Bengal. This is the most plausible explanation for the existence of a depression around Chalan Beel. The Teesta was active in the region until it changed its course in 1787. This territory lies in between the land raised in the north by the Teesta system when it was active and that in the south by the Padma.</p><br>
<p>However, there is another explanation for the creation of the depression. The Padma has been changing its course over the centuries. In Ven den Brouck&#39;s map of Bengal, prepared in 1660, the main channel of the Padma is shown as flowing through Faridpur-Bakharganj, but there also is a suggestion of another, possibly earlier channel. This channel runs through Rampur Boalia in Rajshahi, Chalan Beel, Dhaleswari and Buriganga before meeting the Meghna. At that time the Jamuna was virtually non-existent and the Brahmaputra used to flow through its old channel.</p><br>
<h2>Impact of railways</h2><br>
<p>An estimate taken in 1945 found about 47 rivers and other waterways flowed into the Chalan Beel, a watershed of about 1,547 square miles. In addition to being a crossroads for the many waterways it also served as the origin for the many rivers flowing south or east that eventually meet with the Padma or Jamuna. In the early 1900s, Chalan Beel began to be hemmed in by the construction of the Eastern Bengal Railway main line on the west and the Santahar-Bogra branch line on the north. The natural pattern of the water&#39;s drainage channels in this area were disrupted by the obstruction caused by the railway construction since railways in these low lands had to be built on embankments.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The banks of the beel are covered with dense stands of kash, babla, nol, dhol kolmi, simul, and date palm. Seven species of frogs and one species of toad represent the amphibian fauna. Chalan Beel has a total of 34 species of reptiles include ten turtles and tortoises, nine lizards and various snake species. There are 27 species of mammals from 12 families.</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>Chalan Beel has experienced the negative effects of pesticide use in the surrounding farmlands. In 2010, Bangladesh Agricultural University research, found pesticide use has increased sixfold since 1982, and the fish population of Chalan Beel has halved in the same period. A 25 kilometre highway constructed on the Beel has divided into two and caused havoc on the fish breeding by disrupting their movement. Commercial overfishing, grill and drag net and other destructive fishing have harmed the fish population.</p><br>
<p>Okushiri Island is an island in Hokkaidō, Japan. It has an area of 142.97 km&sup2;. The town of Okushiri and the Hiyama Prefectural Natural Park encompass the entire island. It has many sheep pastures and beech forests. There are several schools, including high, junior high, and elementary. Okushiri currently has no colleges or universities.</p><br>
<p>The name Okushiri comes from the Ainu name I-kus-un-sir (イクㇱウンシㇼ). The phonetic word ikus(un) means other side and sir means island. However, the Japanese meaning of the two kanji used for the name mean "wifes hips" or "wifes buttocks".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Okushiri has been struck by several natural disasters, the 1983 Sea of Japan earthquake on 26 May 1983 which killed two, and the more deadly 1993 Hokkaidō earthquake and tsunami on 12 July 1993. The 1993 earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7 on the moment magnitude scale and a maximum felt intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale. It triggered a major tsunami that caused deaths on Hokkaidō and in southeastern Russia, with a total of 230 fatalities recorded. Okushiri was hardest hit, with 165 casualties from the earthquake, tsunami and a large landslide. The island subsided by 5 -. After the tsunami, the number of residents slowly declined, and continues to do so.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Okushiri Airport serves the island. There are also two ferries that frequently arrive at the island.</p><br>
<h2>Tourist Activities</h2><br>
<p>Okushiri Island is known for its famous "Okushiri Arch," a small rocky arch sculpted by the ocean. Okushiri Island has many hot springs, and opportunities for fishing and swimming. The Okushiri Moonlight Marathon was started in 2013. It is the largest attraction on Okushiri Island for visitors, and attracts runners from around Japan and some foreign countries. The race starts at 3 pm and often finishes as it is getting dark. Local villagers turn out in large numbers to cheer on the runners. At the finish line, the race concludes with a seafood banquet and awards ceremony. https://www.fitjapan.com/events/2587/okushiri-moonlight-marathon/</p><br>
<p>Lake Taylorville is a 1,200-acre  reservoir located in Christian County, Illinois. Created in 1962 by damming the South Fork of Illinois&#39;s Sangamon River, it was built for water supply and recreation purposes. The lake is 6.5 miles  long and 0.4 miles  wide. The nearest town is Taylorville, Illinois, southeast of Springfield, Illinois.</p><br>
<p>Lake Taylorville is managed by the city of Taylorville.</p><br>
<p>As with other Central Illinois reservoirs, Lake Taylorville is troubled by siltation, with an estimated 90,000 tons of silt annually eroding from farms in the lakes South Fork of the Sangamon catchment area and washing into the lake. The city in 1998 built a low-headed silt dam on Locust Creek, one of the reservoirs tributaries, to reduce lake siltation.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, Taylorville City Council began to discuss the issue of dredging the lake to remove unwanted silt. The proposal has not been approved yet because of the large sum of money it would cost the city to dredge the lake. If this project were to take place it would be sometime in the fall of 2008 when the summer recreational season is over and before winter arrives.</p><br>
<p>The Krottenkopf, 2,086 m, is a peak in the Ester Mountains and the highest mountain in the Bavarian Prealps. It lies within the Bavarian district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen.</p><br>
<h2>Location and climbing options</h2><br>
<p>It lies in the westernmost part of the Bavarian Prealps in the Ester Mountains near the town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen. Immediately below and a half an hour from the summit is the Weilheimer Hut (1,955 m), the highest Alpine Club hut in the Bavarian Prealps.</p><br>
<p>There are four climbing options:</p><br>
<p>From Oberau a very steep climb, the Oberauer Steig, follows narrow mountain paths via the Frickenboden and later runs past the Bischof mountain, which is also over 2,000 metres high, but less well known. This climb requires about 4 hours.</p><br>
<p>From Klais another path runs via the Krüner Alm (1,620 m) and the Michelfeld</p><br>
<p>From Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Farchant the route goes via the Esterbergalm taking about 4½ hours to reach the top of the Krottenkopf.</p><br>
<p>In addition, there is the even longer climb from Eschenlohe past the 1,922 m Hohe Kisten to the summit.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Gap, is a mountain pass in the Green Mountains of Vermont.</p><br>
<p>The highest point of the pass is located in the Town of Lincoln, Addison County, about 0.5 mi west of the boundary between Addison and the Town of Warren in Washington County.</p><br>
<p>On the east side, Lincoln Gap is drained by Lincoln Brook, which drains into the Mad River, the Winooski River, and into Lake Champlain.</p><br>
<p>To the west, the gap is drained by Cota Brook, which drains into the New Haven River, Otter Creek, and into Lake Champlain.</p><br>
<p>In turn, Lake Champlain drains into the Richelieu River in Québec, thence into the Saint Lawrence River, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>The Long Trail, a 272-mile (438-km) hiking trail running the length of Vermont, crosses Lincoln Gap between Mount Grant, 3 mi to the south, and Mount Abraham, 1.5 mi (3 km) to the north.</p><br>
<p>Mount Baldy  is a mountain in northeastern Arizona in the United States. It is the highest point in the White Mountains and Apache County. It is the fifth-highest point in the state, and the highest outside the San Francisco Peaks in the Flagstaff area. With a summit elevation of 11,409 ft, the peak of Mount Baldy rises above the tree line and is left largely bare of vegetation, lending the mountain its current name.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Mount Baldy is within the Fort Apache Indian Reservation and is off-limits to hikers without permission. An unnamed sub-peak with an elevation of 10,890 ft exists approximately 0.5 mi to the north of the summit that is off reservation and accessible to the public via maintained trail. A third peak, Ord Peak, sits about three miles northwest of Baldy Peak, not to be confused with Mount Ord (Apache County, Arizona).</p><br>
<p>Mount Baldy is one of the most sacred mountains to the Apache of Arizona. The Western Apache of Arizona inhabited the areas within their most four sacred mountain ranges: the White Mountains of Eastern Arizona, the Pinaleno Mountains near the town of Safford in southeastern Arizona, the Four Peaks near the City of Phoenix and the San Francisco Peaks near Flagstaff.</p><br>
<p>When Captain George M. Wheeler visited the mountaintop in 1873, he described the view as "The most magnificent and effective of any among the large number that have come under my observation". Wheeler named the mountain Mount Thomas after General Lorenzo Thomas, who fought in the Mexican–American War. It later became Mount Baldy. The name Mount Thomas has been assigned to a nearby peak by the USA Geological Survey.</p><br>
<p>Mount Baldy also contains the headwaters of the Little Colorado River and Salt River and produces the most abundant trout fishing streams in Arizona. No other mountain in Arizona produces as many rivers and streams. Along its slope are numerous man made lakes. The area around Mount Baldy also averages the most abundant precipitation in Arizona. Wildlife is abundant on the mountain and includes the recently introduced Mexican Grey Wolf.</p><br>
<p>While looking northeast from Historic Fort Apache (elevation 5,290 ft) Mount Baldy rises 6,130 ft in elevation.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The Appalachian Gap is a mountain pass in the Green Mountains of Vermont.</p><br>
<p>The highest point of the pass is located in Chittenden County, about 0.2 mi west of the boundary between Chittenden and Washington County.</p><br>
<p>The pass is in the Camel&#39;s Hump State Park.</p><br>
<p>On the east side, Appalachian Gap is drained by Mill Brook, which drains into the Mad River, the Winooski River, and into Lake Champlain.</p><br>
<p>To the west, the gap is drained by Beaver Meadow Brook, which drains into the Huntington River, another tributary of the Winooski River.</p><br>
<p>Lake Champlain drains into the Richelieu River in Quebec, thence into the Saint Lawrence River, and into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>The Long Trail, a 272 mi hiking trail running the length of Vermont, crosses Appalachian Gap between Stark Mountain to the south, and Baby Stark Mountain to the north. The Gap is a very popular route for tourists and affords excellent views of the Champlain Valley, Lake Champlain and the Adirondack Mountains. It is also a popular motorcycle and road biking destination. The ride from either side up route 17 from is several kilometers with sustained pitches of 15% plus. The summit of Appalachian Gap is the finish point for the road race stage (stage 3) of the annual Green Mountain Stage Race.</p><br>
<p>The Mad River Glen ski area is just south of the gap, on the east side of Stark Mountain.</p><br>
